The Revolution from October 1789 to the Directory, 1795
How successfully did the Constituent Assembly deal with the problems of reforming the French
State?
When did the Constituent Assembly come into being?
When did the Estates General rename itself the National Assembly? Was this a vital turning
point?
What did the representatives of the old Estates General claim?
What was the added function of making a constitution? What has the members sworn to do on
the 20th June 1789?
What ended in September 1791?
Revolutionary assemblies
When was the start and end of the Estates General? What kind of government?
When was the start and end of the National Assembly? What kind of government?
When was the start and end of the National Constituent Assembly? What kind of
government?
When was the start and end of the Legislative Assembly? What kind of government?
When was the start and end of the National Convention? What kind of government?
When was the start and end of the Council of 500? What kind of government?
When was the start and end of the Council of Elders? What kind of government?
William Pitt (1759-1806)
Who was William Pitt?
When did he become British Prime Minister?
What did Pitt reform? What did he reduce? What did he promote? What did he support?
When was he the leader? When Britain fought France?
What did he suppress? What did he subsidise?
‘Enlightened despots’
What are enlightened despots?
Were the rulers prepared to share power?
What reforms did they impose rather than developing representative government or
parliaments?
What body of reforms did the Constituent Assembly pass? Did these reforms transform
France?
What established a constitutional monarchy?
What did the National Constituent Assembly give way to?
When had the changes in France begun? What had ended? What was established?
What series of measures was passed which modernised and transformed France?
How were the measures in line with the modern thinking of the Enlightenment?
What measures were taken to ensure that the government of France should be efficient and
uniform?
What was swept away?
What period from 1789 was one of the most remarkable in French history?
, What had the cahiers revealed about a great national demand for change? What kind of
assembly delivered this?
How many middle class deputies were dominated the assembly?
How many nobles were there? How many clergy were there?
How was this a period of change in Europe?
What changes were made by William Pitt in England?
Which monarchs were involved in the Enlightened Despotism?
What was there a general movement towards?
What was abolished in Prussia and Austria?
What happened to the power of the Church in Austria?
What was the modernisation of France seen as?
What was the difference between France and other countries making reforms?
In France, what had the King been forced to do? Who forced him? Did this make France
stable as the high-minded reformers sought?
Who was Frederick the Great, King of Prussia? How long did he reign for?
What was Frederick the Great known as? What did he modernise? What did he introduce?
What did he end? What did he favour? What was a keen student of?
Who was Joseph of Austria? When did he reign?
What did Joseph of Austria attack? What did he do the power of the Church? What did he
patronise? What did he help reform? What did he promote?
Who was Catherine the Great? How long did she rule for? Where did she rule?
What did Catherine the Great not end in Russia? Why was her reign notable? Who did she
patronise? What was she interested in?
The reforms in the Church and State, 1789-1791: State reform
Political and administrative reforms
What was France divided into for elections and local government?
How many departments were there?
What were these departments divided?
How many districts were there? How many cantons were there? How many communes were
there? Who run all these communes?
Who was given more power to safeguard against a royal recovery if power?
Who was the right to vote given to?
What are active citizens?
What did active citizens contribute through taxes?
Why were people who do not contribute tax not allowed to elect deputies? What was a key
role of an assembly?
What were passive citizens? What was the difference between active and passive citizens?
Taxation and finance
Who paid tax under the new system?
Who was liable to pay land tax and tax on commercial profits?
What taxes did ‘active citizens’ pay?
What was introduced to finance the government?
What were assignats?
What backed assignats? What did Church land sales provide? What did it create people with a
vested interest in supporting the Revolution? What did the clergy become reliant upon for
their salaries? Who were the clergy likely to support; the old regime or the new regime?
, Judicial reforms
What were all previous courts replaced by?
What was in each canton?
What 3 punishments were abolished?
Was justice free? Was it equal for all?
Economic and social change
What saw the end of privilege? What was introduced?
What was abolished in June 1790?
When were the parlements abolished?
What happened to trade guilds, town corporations and the special pays d’election?
What did the deputies believe in?
What happened to all internal customs barriers?
Under what law, in April 1791, were the guilds that regulated craft industries abolished?
What did the Loi le Chapelier in June 1791 ban? What did it make illegal?
What did the deputies see the relief for the poor as a duty of? What did the deputies examine?
How many people were begging? What did the deputies lack, in order to do anything?
The reforms in Church and State, 1789-1791: Church reforms
Were the lower clergy an important part of the Estate General and the new National
Assemblies?
What was a cause of concern within the Church?
What was a good way in which the Church dealt with the financial problems of the State?
What was the long tradition in France between the royal power and the Church? Who was
more powerful? What was logical step for the Assembly to take control of?
Why was the Assembly taking control of the Church from the monarch highly controversial?
What did it threaten? What did it set the King against?
Civil Constitution of the Clergy, 12th July 1790
What were the bishop’s diocese reorganised to coincide with?
What posts were removed? What priests were kept?
How were clerical posts appointed?
Who opposed the constitution?
What was denied, that the Clergy wanted?
What did the Clergy do when their call for a Church Synod denied?
What were the changes in the Church?
What did all church property become the property of?
What happened to abuses like pluralism?
Who was to pay the clergy now? What was no longer collected to pay for the clergy?
What orders were suppressed?
What rights were Protestants given?
Did the Clergy accept these changes? What were they particularly not happy about?
The Clerical Oath, 27th November 1790
How did the deputies force the pace of change? What did they require all the clergy to do?
How did the Pope feel about the reforms?
What percentage of the clergy refused to take an oath?
How successfully did the Constituent Assembly deal with the problems of reforming the French
State?
When did the Constituent Assembly come into being?
When did the Estates General rename itself the National Assembly? Was this a vital turning
point?
What did the representatives of the old Estates General claim?
What was the added function of making a constitution? What has the members sworn to do on
the 20th June 1789?
What ended in September 1791?
Revolutionary assemblies
When was the start and end of the Estates General? What kind of government?
When was the start and end of the National Assembly? What kind of government?
When was the start and end of the National Constituent Assembly? What kind of
government?
When was the start and end of the Legislative Assembly? What kind of government?
When was the start and end of the National Convention? What kind of government?
When was the start and end of the Council of 500? What kind of government?
When was the start and end of the Council of Elders? What kind of government?
William Pitt (1759-1806)
Who was William Pitt?
When did he become British Prime Minister?
What did Pitt reform? What did he reduce? What did he promote? What did he support?
When was he the leader? When Britain fought France?
What did he suppress? What did he subsidise?
‘Enlightened despots’
What are enlightened despots?
Were the rulers prepared to share power?
What reforms did they impose rather than developing representative government or
parliaments?
What body of reforms did the Constituent Assembly pass? Did these reforms transform
France?
What established a constitutional monarchy?
What did the National Constituent Assembly give way to?
When had the changes in France begun? What had ended? What was established?
What series of measures was passed which modernised and transformed France?
How were the measures in line with the modern thinking of the Enlightenment?
What measures were taken to ensure that the government of France should be efficient and
uniform?
What was swept away?
What period from 1789 was one of the most remarkable in French history?
, What had the cahiers revealed about a great national demand for change? What kind of
assembly delivered this?
How many middle class deputies were dominated the assembly?
How many nobles were there? How many clergy were there?
How was this a period of change in Europe?
What changes were made by William Pitt in England?
Which monarchs were involved in the Enlightened Despotism?
What was there a general movement towards?
What was abolished in Prussia and Austria?
What happened to the power of the Church in Austria?
What was the modernisation of France seen as?
What was the difference between France and other countries making reforms?
In France, what had the King been forced to do? Who forced him? Did this make France
stable as the high-minded reformers sought?
Who was Frederick the Great, King of Prussia? How long did he reign for?
What was Frederick the Great known as? What did he modernise? What did he introduce?
What did he end? What did he favour? What was a keen student of?
Who was Joseph of Austria? When did he reign?
What did Joseph of Austria attack? What did he do the power of the Church? What did he
patronise? What did he help reform? What did he promote?
Who was Catherine the Great? How long did she rule for? Where did she rule?
What did Catherine the Great not end in Russia? Why was her reign notable? Who did she
patronise? What was she interested in?
The reforms in the Church and State, 1789-1791: State reform
Political and administrative reforms
What was France divided into for elections and local government?
How many departments were there?
What were these departments divided?
How many districts were there? How many cantons were there? How many communes were
there? Who run all these communes?
Who was given more power to safeguard against a royal recovery if power?
Who was the right to vote given to?
What are active citizens?
What did active citizens contribute through taxes?
Why were people who do not contribute tax not allowed to elect deputies? What was a key
role of an assembly?
What were passive citizens? What was the difference between active and passive citizens?
Taxation and finance
Who paid tax under the new system?
Who was liable to pay land tax and tax on commercial profits?
What taxes did ‘active citizens’ pay?
What was introduced to finance the government?
What were assignats?
What backed assignats? What did Church land sales provide? What did it create people with a
vested interest in supporting the Revolution? What did the clergy become reliant upon for
their salaries? Who were the clergy likely to support; the old regime or the new regime?
, Judicial reforms
What were all previous courts replaced by?
What was in each canton?
What 3 punishments were abolished?
Was justice free? Was it equal for all?
Economic and social change
What saw the end of privilege? What was introduced?
What was abolished in June 1790?
When were the parlements abolished?
What happened to trade guilds, town corporations and the special pays d’election?
What did the deputies believe in?
What happened to all internal customs barriers?
Under what law, in April 1791, were the guilds that regulated craft industries abolished?
What did the Loi le Chapelier in June 1791 ban? What did it make illegal?
What did the deputies see the relief for the poor as a duty of? What did the deputies examine?
How many people were begging? What did the deputies lack, in order to do anything?
The reforms in Church and State, 1789-1791: Church reforms
Were the lower clergy an important part of the Estate General and the new National
Assemblies?
What was a cause of concern within the Church?
What was a good way in which the Church dealt with the financial problems of the State?
What was the long tradition in France between the royal power and the Church? Who was
more powerful? What was logical step for the Assembly to take control of?
Why was the Assembly taking control of the Church from the monarch highly controversial?
What did it threaten? What did it set the King against?
Civil Constitution of the Clergy, 12th July 1790
What were the bishop’s diocese reorganised to coincide with?
What posts were removed? What priests were kept?
How were clerical posts appointed?
Who opposed the constitution?
What was denied, that the Clergy wanted?
What did the Clergy do when their call for a Church Synod denied?
What were the changes in the Church?
What did all church property become the property of?
What happened to abuses like pluralism?
Who was to pay the clergy now? What was no longer collected to pay for the clergy?
What orders were suppressed?
What rights were Protestants given?
Did the Clergy accept these changes? What were they particularly not happy about?
The Clerical Oath, 27th November 1790
How did the deputies force the pace of change? What did they require all the clergy to do?
How did the Pope feel about the reforms?
What percentage of the clergy refused to take an oath?
