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What is the purpose of validation? - (answers)to support or corroborate on a sound or
authoritative basis ...to attest to the truth or validity of something
Level 1 Validation - (answers)listening and observing of what the client is saying, feeling, and
doing
Level 2 Validation - (answers)Accurate reflection back to the client of the client's own feelings,
thoughts, and behaviors; without adding to what was said
心的坚强决定了我们的命运。当
Level 3 Validation - (answers)emotions and meanings the client has not expressed are verbalized
我们面对挫折时,是一颗不屈的
by the therapist; framed as a question and be willing to be wrong
心让我们勇敢前行
Level 4 Validation - (answers)All behavior is caused by events occurring in time; validating
through their personal history/biology
Level 5 Validation - (answers)Normalizing the client's behavior; typical of what anyone would
experience or do
"kernel of truth"- searching for the piece that is valid
Level 6 Validation - (answers)respond to the client as you would anyone else; not seeing them as
fragile
"cheerleading"- validating the inherent ability to overcome difficulties
Borderline Personality Disorder - (answers)dysfunction of the emotion regulation system; a
result of biological irregularities combines with the certain dysfunctional environments;
transacting with dysfunctional environments over time
, Biosocial Theory - (answers)emotion dysregulation is a function of high emotional vulnerability
plus the inability to regulate emotion, and that these difficulties have their roots in biological
predispositions , which are exacerbated by specific environmental experiences; biological
sensitivity transacting overtime with invalidating environments equals chronic Pervasive
Emotional Dysregulation
Dialectical Dilemmas - (answers)1. emotional vulnerability v. self-invalidation (emotional
intensity v. failure to trust own perceptions)
2. active passivity v. apparent competence (tendency to approach problems passively/expecting
others to problems solve v. tendency to appear competent)
3. unrelenting crises v. inhabited grieving (constants state of crisis v. avoiding the experience of
painful emotional reactions)
Primary Dialectical Dilemma - (answers)Balance
心的坚强决定了我们的命运。当 between accepting the client and pushing them
to change
我们面对挫折时,是一颗不屈的
心让我们勇敢前行
Five DBT Skills Modules - (answers)1. Mindfulness
2. Emotion Regulation
3. Distress Tolerance
4. Interpersonal Effectiveness
5. Middle Path
DBT Assumptions (about patients) - (answers)1. People are doing the best they can
2. People want to improve
3. People need to be better, try harder, and be more motivated to change (not always true)
4. People may not have caused all of their own problems but they have to solve them anyway
(not always true)
5. The lives of suicidal/borderline individuals are unbearable as they are currently being lived
6. New behaviors must be learned in all relevant context