Nurs 115 Final exam: Neuro, electrolytes,
ventilation, and Acid base liberty university
Questions With Complete Solutions
_________ inversely follows calcium Correct
Answers Phosphorus
Action of opiods Correct Answers Endogenous or
exogenous chemical: substances with morphine
Act at level of opiate receptors in the CNS
Temporary relief of severe pain
Drug choice of cancer patients
Opioid analgesics most successfully interact with
the MU receptor
Assessment of edema Correct Answers
Assessment
- Daily weights
- Measure girth of effected limb (same location,
same time of day)
- Visual inspection
- Finger pressure to determine if pitting edema
Autonomic dysreflexia usually occurs _______ after
a spinal injury? Correct Answers Usually occurs 6
months after a spinal injury
Cause of isotonic fluid volume excess Correct
Answers Inc sodium intake
RAAS - inc. aldosterone
,Renal failure = dec excretion
Heart failure
Liver failure
Causes of isotonic fluid volume deficit Correct
Answers Dec intake, dec thirst drive
Oral trauma, inability to express thirst (AMS,
stroke)
Diffusion
____ lead
Involves the movement of _____ Correct Answers
I'll lead
Involves the movement of stuff (doesn't require
energy) - particles high to low
Movement of solutes from an area of higher
contravention to an area of lower concentration
Dx/Tx of isotonic fluid volume deficit Correct
Answers Get a good history
Fluid replacement - IV
Check electrolytes, and labs
Treat cause
Dx/Tx of isotonic fluid volume excess Correct
Answers Treat underlying cause
Dec sodium
Diuretics
Strict I & O's
Monitor VS, O2 sats, electrolyte levels
,Edema causes Correct Answers Increased
capillary pressure
Decreased colloidal osmotic pressure
Increased capillary permeability
Obstruction of lymphatic flow
How do you asses pain? (generally) Correct
Answers Location
Duration
Onset, time and incident
Alleviating and aggravating factors
• Type: sharp, dull, shooting, aching
• Intensity on a pain scale (usually 1-10) (0 no
pain, 10 worst pain you can imagine having)
o Patient's pain is what they say it is
o We will be documenting it htough
• Radiation - how far out is it hurting
How do you assess ICP Correct Answers Monitor
LOC
- Arousal and wakefulness
- Content and cognition
How do you assess pain? (OLD CARTS) Correct
Answers OLD CARTS
Onset - when did you first have it - time and
incident?
Location - where is the pain?
Duration - How long does it last?
, Character - What type pain is it?
Allievating/aggravating - What alleviates the pain?
What aggravates the pain?
Radiation - how wide is the effect
Timing -
Severity - how severe is the pain
How do you assess pain? (PQRST) Correct Answers
P-Q-R-S-T
• P (Palliating, provoking, precipitating) - what
makes it worse
• Q (Quality, quantity) - type
• R (Radiation, referral) - how far out it goes out
• S (Severity, signs, symptoms)
• T (Time) - acute/chronic
How do you get potassium and how much do you
need daily? Correct Answers You need 40 mEq
daily And you get it in bananas, oranges,
strawberries, and potato skins
How do you treat a CVA Correct Answers -
Anticoagulation therapy - Ischemic
- Surgical intervention
- Drugs that limit the calcium cascade - ischemic
- Carotid endarterectomy - Ischemic
Long term pharmacological therapy with ACE
inhibitors for protection of endothelial lining
Decrease controllable risk factors
ventilation, and Acid base liberty university
Questions With Complete Solutions
_________ inversely follows calcium Correct
Answers Phosphorus
Action of opiods Correct Answers Endogenous or
exogenous chemical: substances with morphine
Act at level of opiate receptors in the CNS
Temporary relief of severe pain
Drug choice of cancer patients
Opioid analgesics most successfully interact with
the MU receptor
Assessment of edema Correct Answers
Assessment
- Daily weights
- Measure girth of effected limb (same location,
same time of day)
- Visual inspection
- Finger pressure to determine if pitting edema
Autonomic dysreflexia usually occurs _______ after
a spinal injury? Correct Answers Usually occurs 6
months after a spinal injury
Cause of isotonic fluid volume excess Correct
Answers Inc sodium intake
RAAS - inc. aldosterone
,Renal failure = dec excretion
Heart failure
Liver failure
Causes of isotonic fluid volume deficit Correct
Answers Dec intake, dec thirst drive
Oral trauma, inability to express thirst (AMS,
stroke)
Diffusion
____ lead
Involves the movement of _____ Correct Answers
I'll lead
Involves the movement of stuff (doesn't require
energy) - particles high to low
Movement of solutes from an area of higher
contravention to an area of lower concentration
Dx/Tx of isotonic fluid volume deficit Correct
Answers Get a good history
Fluid replacement - IV
Check electrolytes, and labs
Treat cause
Dx/Tx of isotonic fluid volume excess Correct
Answers Treat underlying cause
Dec sodium
Diuretics
Strict I & O's
Monitor VS, O2 sats, electrolyte levels
,Edema causes Correct Answers Increased
capillary pressure
Decreased colloidal osmotic pressure
Increased capillary permeability
Obstruction of lymphatic flow
How do you asses pain? (generally) Correct
Answers Location
Duration
Onset, time and incident
Alleviating and aggravating factors
• Type: sharp, dull, shooting, aching
• Intensity on a pain scale (usually 1-10) (0 no
pain, 10 worst pain you can imagine having)
o Patient's pain is what they say it is
o We will be documenting it htough
• Radiation - how far out is it hurting
How do you assess ICP Correct Answers Monitor
LOC
- Arousal and wakefulness
- Content and cognition
How do you assess pain? (OLD CARTS) Correct
Answers OLD CARTS
Onset - when did you first have it - time and
incident?
Location - where is the pain?
Duration - How long does it last?
, Character - What type pain is it?
Allievating/aggravating - What alleviates the pain?
What aggravates the pain?
Radiation - how wide is the effect
Timing -
Severity - how severe is the pain
How do you assess pain? (PQRST) Correct Answers
P-Q-R-S-T
• P (Palliating, provoking, precipitating) - what
makes it worse
• Q (Quality, quantity) - type
• R (Radiation, referral) - how far out it goes out
• S (Severity, signs, symptoms)
• T (Time) - acute/chronic
How do you get potassium and how much do you
need daily? Correct Answers You need 40 mEq
daily And you get it in bananas, oranges,
strawberries, and potato skins
How do you treat a CVA Correct Answers -
Anticoagulation therapy - Ischemic
- Surgical intervention
- Drugs that limit the calcium cascade - ischemic
- Carotid endarterectomy - Ischemic
Long term pharmacological therapy with ACE
inhibitors for protection of endothelial lining
Decrease controllable risk factors
