NUR 112 Final Exam practice questions
Patients who are taking corticosteroids would be expected to report which findings?Select all that apply.
1. Weight gain
2. Round or "moon face" appearance
3. Feeling of well-being
4. Weight loss
5. Excessive hair growth
6. Fragile skin - ANS -1, 2, 3, 6
\. The benzodiazepines react with
a. GABA receptor sites in the RAS to cause inhibition of neural arousal.
b. norepinephrine receptor sites in the sympathetic nervous system.
c. acetylcholine receptor sites in the parasympathetic nervous system.
d. monoamine oxidase to increase norepinephrine breakdown. - ANS -a
\. The client diagnosed with Cushing's disease has undergone a unilateral adrenalectomy. Which discharge instructions
should the nurse discuss with the client?
1. Instruct the client to take the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid medications as prescribed.
2. Teach the client regarding sexual functioning and androgen replacement therapy.
,3. Explain the signs and symptoms of infection and when to call the health-care provider.
4. Demonstrate turn, cough, and deep-breathing exercises the client should perform every (2) hours. - ANS -3
\. The client with hyperthyroidism is administered radioactive iodine (I-131). Which intervention should the nurse
implement?
1. Explain that the medication will destroy the thyroid gland completely.
2. Instruct the client to avoid close contact with children for 1 week.
3. Discuss the need to take the medication at night for 7 days.
4. Administer the radioactive iodine in 8 ounces of cold orange juice. - ANS -2
\. Which statement best describes the pharmacodynamics of insulin?
1. Insulin causes the pancreas to secrete glucose into the bloodstream.
2. Insulin is metabolized by the liver and muscle and excreted in the urine.
3. Insulin is needed to maintain colloidal osmotic pressure in the bloodstream.
4. Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting use of glucose in the body cells. - ANS -4
\. Which statement best describes the scientific rationale for prescribing the biguanide metformin (Glucophage)?
1. This medication decreases insulin resistance, improving blood glucose control.
2. This medication allows the carbohydrates to pass slowly through the large
intestine.
3. This medication will decrease the hepatic production of glucose from stored glycogen
4. This medication stimulates the beta cells to release more insulin into the blood-stream. - ANS -3
\.Clients who are using inhalers require careful teaching about which information?SElect all that apply.
1. Avoiding food 1 hour before and 2 hours after dosing
2. Storage of the drug
3. Administration techniques to promote therapeutic effects and avoid adverse effects
4. Lying flat for as long as 2 hours after dosing
5. Timing of administration
6. The difference between rescue treatment and prophylaxis - ANS -2, 3, 5, 6
\A 10-month-old girl is admitted to the pediatric unit with a history of recurrent pneumonia and failure to thrive. Her sweat
chloride test confirms the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. She is a frail-appearing infant with thin extremities and a slightly
protuberant abdomen. She is tachypneic, has retractions, and coughs frequently. Based on the limited information given
,here and your knowledge of cystic fibrosis, choose three of the categories below as priorities to focus on when planning
her care:
1. Prevention of bronchospasm
2. Promotion of adequate nutrition
3. Education of the child and family
4. Prevention of pulmonary infection
5. Balancing fluid and electrolytes
6. Management of excess weight gain
7. Prevention of spread of infection
8. Promoting adequate sleep and rest - ANS -2, 3, 4
\A 5-month-old infant with RSV bronchiolitis is in respiratory distress. The baby has copious secretions, increased work of
breathing, cyanosis, and a respiratory rate of 78. What is the most appropriate initial nursing intervention?
1. Attempt to calm the infant by placing him in his mother's lap and offering him a bottle.
2. Alert the physician or nurse practitioner to the situation and ask for an order for a stat chest x-ray.
3. Suction-secretions, provide 100% oxygen via mask, and anticipate respiratory failure.
4. Bring the emergency equipment to the room and begin bag-valve-mask ventilation. - ANS -3
\A 70-year-old patient who has had a number of strokes refuses further life-sustaining interventions, including artificial
nutrition and hydration. She is competent, understands the consequences of her actions, is not depressed, and persists in
refusing treatment. Her health care provider is adamant that she cannot be allowed to die this way, and her daughter
agrees. An ethics consult has been initiated. Who would be the appropriate decision maker?
a. The patient
b. The patient's daughter
c. The patient's health care provider
d. The ethics consult team - ANS -a
\A 72-year-old client hospitalized with a second recent episode of pneumonia expressed frustration to the nurse, stating
"In the past I never used to get sick." Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
A. "As you grow older, there is a decrease in the speed and strength of the immune system, which puts you at greater risk
for developing an infection."
B. "As you grow older, your immune system just quits working."
, C. "As you grow older, there is an increase in the number of B cells in the circulation, which hinders the immune
response."
D. "As you grow older, there is an overall increase in the speed and strength of your immune response." - ANS -a
\A child with repeated asthma attacks may be treated with which drugs?Select all that apply.
1. A leukotriene receptor antagonist
2. A beta-blocker
3. An inhaled corticosteroid
4. An inhaled beta-agonist
5. A surfactant
6 . A mast cell stabilizer - ANS -1, 3, 4, 6
\A client is recently diagnosed with diabetes. In reviewing his past history, which would be early indicators of the problem?
Select all that apply
1. Lethargy
2. Fruity-smelling breath
3. Boundless energy
4. Weight loss
5. Increased sweating
6. Getting up often at night to go to the bathroom - ANS -1, 6
\A critical-care nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with pneumonia as a surgical complication. The nurse's assessment
reveals that the patient has an increased work of breathing due to copious tracheobronchial secretions. What should the
nurse encourage the patient to do?
a. Call the nurse for oral suctioning, as needed
Patients who are taking corticosteroids would be expected to report which findings?Select all that apply.
1. Weight gain
2. Round or "moon face" appearance
3. Feeling of well-being
4. Weight loss
5. Excessive hair growth
6. Fragile skin - ANS -1, 2, 3, 6
\. The benzodiazepines react with
a. GABA receptor sites in the RAS to cause inhibition of neural arousal.
b. norepinephrine receptor sites in the sympathetic nervous system.
c. acetylcholine receptor sites in the parasympathetic nervous system.
d. monoamine oxidase to increase norepinephrine breakdown. - ANS -a
\. The client diagnosed with Cushing's disease has undergone a unilateral adrenalectomy. Which discharge instructions
should the nurse discuss with the client?
1. Instruct the client to take the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid medications as prescribed.
2. Teach the client regarding sexual functioning and androgen replacement therapy.
,3. Explain the signs and symptoms of infection and when to call the health-care provider.
4. Demonstrate turn, cough, and deep-breathing exercises the client should perform every (2) hours. - ANS -3
\. The client with hyperthyroidism is administered radioactive iodine (I-131). Which intervention should the nurse
implement?
1. Explain that the medication will destroy the thyroid gland completely.
2. Instruct the client to avoid close contact with children for 1 week.
3. Discuss the need to take the medication at night for 7 days.
4. Administer the radioactive iodine in 8 ounces of cold orange juice. - ANS -2
\. Which statement best describes the pharmacodynamics of insulin?
1. Insulin causes the pancreas to secrete glucose into the bloodstream.
2. Insulin is metabolized by the liver and muscle and excreted in the urine.
3. Insulin is needed to maintain colloidal osmotic pressure in the bloodstream.
4. Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting use of glucose in the body cells. - ANS -4
\. Which statement best describes the scientific rationale for prescribing the biguanide metformin (Glucophage)?
1. This medication decreases insulin resistance, improving blood glucose control.
2. This medication allows the carbohydrates to pass slowly through the large
intestine.
3. This medication will decrease the hepatic production of glucose from stored glycogen
4. This medication stimulates the beta cells to release more insulin into the blood-stream. - ANS -3
\.Clients who are using inhalers require careful teaching about which information?SElect all that apply.
1. Avoiding food 1 hour before and 2 hours after dosing
2. Storage of the drug
3. Administration techniques to promote therapeutic effects and avoid adverse effects
4. Lying flat for as long as 2 hours after dosing
5. Timing of administration
6. The difference between rescue treatment and prophylaxis - ANS -2, 3, 5, 6
\A 10-month-old girl is admitted to the pediatric unit with a history of recurrent pneumonia and failure to thrive. Her sweat
chloride test confirms the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. She is a frail-appearing infant with thin extremities and a slightly
protuberant abdomen. She is tachypneic, has retractions, and coughs frequently. Based on the limited information given
,here and your knowledge of cystic fibrosis, choose three of the categories below as priorities to focus on when planning
her care:
1. Prevention of bronchospasm
2. Promotion of adequate nutrition
3. Education of the child and family
4. Prevention of pulmonary infection
5. Balancing fluid and electrolytes
6. Management of excess weight gain
7. Prevention of spread of infection
8. Promoting adequate sleep and rest - ANS -2, 3, 4
\A 5-month-old infant with RSV bronchiolitis is in respiratory distress. The baby has copious secretions, increased work of
breathing, cyanosis, and a respiratory rate of 78. What is the most appropriate initial nursing intervention?
1. Attempt to calm the infant by placing him in his mother's lap and offering him a bottle.
2. Alert the physician or nurse practitioner to the situation and ask for an order for a stat chest x-ray.
3. Suction-secretions, provide 100% oxygen via mask, and anticipate respiratory failure.
4. Bring the emergency equipment to the room and begin bag-valve-mask ventilation. - ANS -3
\A 70-year-old patient who has had a number of strokes refuses further life-sustaining interventions, including artificial
nutrition and hydration. She is competent, understands the consequences of her actions, is not depressed, and persists in
refusing treatment. Her health care provider is adamant that she cannot be allowed to die this way, and her daughter
agrees. An ethics consult has been initiated. Who would be the appropriate decision maker?
a. The patient
b. The patient's daughter
c. The patient's health care provider
d. The ethics consult team - ANS -a
\A 72-year-old client hospitalized with a second recent episode of pneumonia expressed frustration to the nurse, stating
"In the past I never used to get sick." Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
A. "As you grow older, there is a decrease in the speed and strength of the immune system, which puts you at greater risk
for developing an infection."
B. "As you grow older, your immune system just quits working."
, C. "As you grow older, there is an increase in the number of B cells in the circulation, which hinders the immune
response."
D. "As you grow older, there is an overall increase in the speed and strength of your immune response." - ANS -a
\A child with repeated asthma attacks may be treated with which drugs?Select all that apply.
1. A leukotriene receptor antagonist
2. A beta-blocker
3. An inhaled corticosteroid
4. An inhaled beta-agonist
5. A surfactant
6 . A mast cell stabilizer - ANS -1, 3, 4, 6
\A client is recently diagnosed with diabetes. In reviewing his past history, which would be early indicators of the problem?
Select all that apply
1. Lethargy
2. Fruity-smelling breath
3. Boundless energy
4. Weight loss
5. Increased sweating
6. Getting up often at night to go to the bathroom - ANS -1, 6
\A critical-care nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with pneumonia as a surgical complication. The nurse's assessment
reveals that the patient has an increased work of breathing due to copious tracheobronchial secretions. What should the
nurse encourage the patient to do?
a. Call the nurse for oral suctioning, as needed
