Community Nursing Midterm Questions and Answers correct

Community Nursing Midterm Questions and Answers correct What is a client a part of? a population, aggregrate/group, family, individual What is a Community Health Nurse- CHN? - Umbrella term - Working with, not just for the community - Establishing partnerships w clients - Independent - community partnerships/interdisciplinary teams Define community - People and the relationships that emerge from commonly sharing: 1) Agency/Institution and 2) Physical environment - In (HHN) - with (PHN) the community 1) Geography: 2) Special-interest: define population Large group- ex: Retirement Home Aggregate Groups within a population- ex: dementia Define upstream Big picture Macroscopic (you look up towards the big picture) * think upstream in community nursing Define Downstream - Focused on individual - Microscopic PHN public health nurse OHN occupational health nurse Parish Nurse that works within groups of churches PHCNP public health care nurse practitioner CNO Scope of Practice Statement for community nursing promotion of health and assessment of, the provision of care for, and the treatment of health conditions by supportive, preventive, therapeutic, palliative and rehabilitative means in order to attain or maintain optimal function CHNC Community Health Nursing Association of Canada CHNC Standards (2011) 1: Health Promotion 2: Prevention and Health Protection 3: Health Maintenance, Restoration and Palliation 4: Professional Relationships 5: Capacity Building 6: Access and Equity 7: Professional responsibility and accountability CHNC Standards (2019) 1: Health Promotion 2: Prevention and Health Protection 3: Health Maintenance, Restoration and Palliation 4: Professional Relationships 5: Capacity Building 6: HEALTH Equity 7: EVIDENCE INFORMED PRACTICE 8: Professional responsibility and accountability Why are CCHN Standards important? - Define scope & depth of CHN practice - Establish criteria and expectations - Provide criteria for measuring performance - Support ongoing development of CHN - Promote CHN as a specialty and provide a foundation for certification as a clinical specialty with CNA - Inspire excellence in & commitment to CHN practice - Set benchmark for new community health nurses Determinants of health 1) Income and social status 2) Social support network 3) Education & literacy 4) Employment & working conditions 5) Physical environment 6) Biology & genetic endowment 7) Personal health practices and coping skills 8) Healthy child development 9) Health & social services 10) Gender 11) Culture 12) Social environment ISEEPBPHHGCS i seep blood pressure hungry hearts get cool slime Population Health*** (ON MIDTERM) - Determining the health of a population using MEASUREMENTS: 1) Health status 2) Determinants of health - Emphasis on improving health inequalities of a defined population Public Health Collective action by society to ensure conditions - healthy community 5 major public health functions 1) Health protection 2) Health promotion 3) Health assessment 4) Public health surveillance 5) Injury and disease prevention (HPPAPHSIDP) Harry Potter Plays All Plays Hungry Saving Intensity During Poetry) Public Health Nursing 1) Primary focus on health care of communities and populations vs individuals 2) Based on nursing and public health Levels of Prevention*** - Based on natural history of disease 1) Primary- provide protection against disease before S&S 2) Secondary- early detection 3) Tertiary- minimizing residual disability Healthy Public Policy (HPP) - Policies that support health of populations based on scientific evidence - CHN promote HPP CHN Group Principles - Work w other community members/groups to increase community health - Why is an understanding and an ability to demonstrate group (team) principles critical for CHNing- Collaboration Community Health Nursing Process assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation (APIE) Stages of Group Development (**ON EXAM) Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning (FSNPA) For Some New Pets Accommodate Who are the earliest forms of community health nursing traced to? 17th century New France and the Duchesse d'Aiguillon sisters who assisted in the development of health services and education within communities across Canada The Grey Nuns who was the nursing profession predominantly influenced by? Florence Nightingale and women's groups, including work of Mary Seacole and Lady Aberdeen who were the pioneers of public health? romans describe health history of middle ages Middle Ages- 500-1500 AD in European Cities - high population density - lack of clean water inefficient systems to dispose of refuse and body wastes - Increases in communicable diseases Desribe health history By later part of Middle ages-( 11th Century) monasteries began to establish hospitals, Muslim nurse in what is now Saudi Arabia took care of injured soldiers, established a school of nursing and code of conduct for nurses Industrial Revolution- social changes - in nursing history great advances in transportation, communication and other forms of technology what did the Duchesse d'Aiguillon sisters work do for the evoultion of nursing practice? emulates today's community health nursing practice that focuses on health inequities the determinants of health, community outreach and advocacy what did Marguerite d'Youville do? - estbalished grey nuns what is the grey nuns? the first Canadian community nursing order and established relationships with First Nation people to learn about health and healing what did the grey nuns do? - health inequity and made significant contribution to providing access to health services, food, shelter, and education for the most vulnerable - did the first form of 'street outreach nursing' via public health visits what were health efforts driven by in canada before 1900? driven by the need to deal with epidemics what happened in late 1800s + early 1900s in Canada's health hx? - vaccinations! - more epidemics - TB always present and inc infant mortality rate who was Jeanne Mance? Canada's first nurse what did Jeanne Mance do? provided direct nursing care, advocated for social justice and was the administrator of the hospital what did Lady Aberdeen and women's groups do? created VON (victoria order of nurses) what did VON do? developed community health services for the rural and poor communities and immigrant women what is the local VON's dual mandate? charitable work among the poor and provision of affordable nursing care to the working and middle class what is responsible for the dramatic inc in life expectancy among Canadians from the early 1900s to the present?** improvements in sanitation control of infectious diseases through education and immunization and other preventative what were the two earliest forms of CHN? 1) visting nurses 2) public health nurses who organized and operated visiting nursing? organized- charitable agencies operated- maternal feminists when was VON founded for Canada? 1897 What is VON visiting nursing? - canada's only national CHN organization - ceased operations in 6 provinces, head office became much smaller When did public health nursing emerge in Canada? early twentieth century when civic departments of health established health education and preventative programs to combat communicable diseases, infant mortality, and morbidity in school aged children. describe the early 1900s PHN - employed by toronto department of health - made home visits to all with TB - VON nurses worked w children in schools and were assigned to visit families w newborns What were the responsibilities of the first PHNs? - health education to combat disease and death - TB - School-based inspections - Sanitation - Water - Milk pasteurization ** look at highlighted slide with pic +++ EDIT ?? Why did socioecological challenges occur? due to immigration, inability to provide basic health to settlers and Indigenous peoples experiencing epidemics introduced by immigrants what did Health promotion influenced by Florence Nightingale and Mary Seacole use epidemiology, statistics, awareness of environmental factors and social determinants of health when was the Nightingale model of training nurses first nursing school established? 1874 in st catherines what did Elizabeth Smellie's military nursing demonstrate? competencies of CHN, population health, primary, secondary and tertiary prevention, emergency preparedness and disaster nursing what did CHNs pioneers possess? - sense of adventure, independence, courage, and humanitarianism -Offered services to those living in the poorest urban districts and most isolated rural communities - met immediate needs of communities for direct care and midwifery and provided health and prevention education to individuals and families what were integral in the development of CHNs? volunteerism and leadership how did redcross advance education of PHN? funded for certificate courses at 5 canadian unis what do PHNs knowledge and scope of practice focus on? maternal child programs, communicable diseases, school health, and social welfare issues what did the The Weir Report 1932 say? recommended that the number of nurses in Canada should be immediately doubled as well as recommendations for university standards of education and support of public health nursing as a nursing specialty what was the greatest killer of many Indigenous populations after first contact with European settlers? Epidemics of TB, diphtheria, smallpox, cholera, typhus, measles, and influenza Romanow Commission's report (2002) recommends shifting policy toward primary healthcare, home healthcare, and health promotion, with nurses playing key role Provincial government of Saskatchewan establishes publicly funded healthcare in what year? 1947 and federal government follows suit in 1957 Canada Health Act passes in 1984 reinforces five central points across provincial healthcare systems: 1) publicly administered 2) comprehensive 3) universal 4) portable 5) accessible what is the Lalonde Report of 1974 vision for health promotion services as a critical component of Canada's health care system Lalonde's framework identified four determinants of health: environment, lifestyle, human biology, and the health care system Primary health care goal the attainment of better health services for all Epp Framework formed the basis of? the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) - Delivers federal government's commitment to: - help protect the health and safety of all Canadians - focus on prevention chronic diseases and injuries - responds to public health emergencies and infectious disease outbreaks, - strengthening the practice of public health in Canada. What province was the first province to develop an Indigenous Health and Wellness Strategy and to develop the overarching Aboriginal Health Policy ON Most Canadian provinces and territories have moved to what type of health authority structures regional Community health nursing practice occurs in what type of environment. sociopolitical The Public Health Agency of Canada was instituted in what year? 2004 Early PHN - worked for religious organizations - worked with low income areas