community nursing course Questions & Answers correct

community nursing course Questions & Answers correct IOM definition of public health the work of society to ensure that conditions around them are healthy ones public health system is: managed and required by laws at all levels (local, state, federal) examples of federal public health system: Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Food and Drug Administration, Agency for Health Care Research and Quality examples of state public health system: licensing hospitals and professionals, establishing health codes, regulating insurance industry, managing administration of programs such as Medicaid, disaster preparedness examples of local public health system: running local department of health, providing clinics or health promotion for area, transportation, animal shelters, mosquito control, senior health public health nurse population focus, community oriented. aim is health promotion and disease prevention, especially among vulnerable. will use political processes in order to intervene. what is managed care: type of health insurance where health care providers and medical facilities have contracts to care for members at lower cost. Those providers make up the plan's network. Plans with more choices usually cost more (POS) but those with more restrictions cost less (HMO) and PPOs are in the middle. health promotion is: forming of attitudes and behaviors that manage or enhance well being or health aim of public health nurse is: promote health and prevent disease among an entire population barriers to population focused practice 1) lack of understanding of public health nurse role 2) workplace image as to what is accessible and appropriate for RNs 3) lack of RN education related to public health (not adequately taught epidemiology, biostats, community development, administration, policy formation) community health nursing practice delivery of services to individuals, families and groups with aim of improving community as a whole (ripple effect of helping one person who then positively effects the health of others around them). brings public health theory and nursing theory together some principles of public health nursing 1) the client is the population 2) greatest good for greatest number of people 3) client is equal partner 4) primary prevention is priority 5) create healthy conditions so that population can thrive 6) obligated to reach out to everyone who may benefit from a service 7) optimally uses resources 8) collaborate with others is the most effective way to create healthy people definition of community social network of interacting individual, usually concentrated in a defined territory definition of population groups of individuals who have one or more personal or environmental similarities (may be geographic, circumstance or special interest) community health nurse any nurse that who serves clients that are outside of institutions community health nurse specialist RN with masters of higher who practice in community settings (with free living clients), even if specialty is other than public or community health public health nursing practice focus on community as a whole and it's health on the members of the community. aims to prevent disease and promote health for the entire population in order to supply health to individuals, families, and groups (trickle down effect). brings public health theory and nursing theory together similarity of community health and public health nursing practice both are community oriented involving free-living clients (those who are not institutionalized) community based nursing practice nursing care that is provided where the clients live (ie clinic, home), work or go to school three core functions of public health assessment policy development assurance assessment (core function of public health) systematic collection of data about the population, following the community's health status over time, and publishing/providing information related to community data. diagnose health problems and hazards in community assurance (core function of public health) making sure that programs carried out and goals met. assuring that the population has access to needed resources. helping communities to implement and evaluate plans. enforcing laws that protect health. assure that healthcare workforce is competent policy development (core function of public health) inform, educate and empower community with health. collaborate with community to help them identify/solve health problems. create policies that support community's health A nurse planning a smoking cessation clinic for adolescents in the local middle schools and high schools is providing: 1 community oriented care 2 community based care 3 secondary care 4 tertiary care 1. Community oriented nurses aim to promote health, prevent disease and support self-reliance of clients in own health. emphasis on education. community oriented nursing practice a philosophy of nursing care which aims to create healthier living conditions through community assessments, surveillance, and population health status community oriented nurse conducts home visits to new parents to assess health status of infant, parent-child relationship, and need for social service referrals to support their needs. This is best described as: 1 clinical community health practice 2 community based practice 3 population focused practice 4 public health nursing 1. clinical health practice provides direct care services to individuals, families or groups although they may apply principles from other strategies (community orientation or population focus) New national focus of population supports nursing by creating new roles and positions for RNs to be directors and administrators in population health setting how do staff nurses benefit from having population focused education 1) satisfaction knowing that individual care benefits the greater society 2) understand and appreciate those with population focused practice 3) empowers them to offer clinical input when decision making processes occur at the higher population level of care primary health care -focus is on primary and secondary prevention for the community (not focused on individuals) -incorporate primary and public health care -typically serves the underserved -the community is involved in the design, implementation, and evaluation of program -culturally appropriate, EBP primary care -focus on providing care to individuals -provided by a health care professional major barrier to having a primary health care system in the USA: although this system is endorsed, the USA still focuses on caring for the sick rather (tertiary) than preventing sickness (primary/secondary) Current trends that will influence health care transformation: aging of the population globalization technology advances longevity population diversity funding sources What is the impact of longevity and percentage of aging population on Medicare: Less young people paying into the system and many more elderly people entering into the system. Not enough of a workforce to sustain those who are too old to work. State Board of Nursing does: -determines scope of nursing practice -license nurses and nursing schools -revoke, suspend, deny licenses -write regulations about nursing practice Health Resources and Services Administration is responsible for: improving health by providing access to primary care for low income, uninsured and rural individuals CDC is a resource for: 1) health promotion (handouts and stats) 2) disease prevention (screening recommendations) 3) emergency preparedness National Institute for Nursing Research (NINR) is a resource for: find latest literature on nursing practice and trends Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is a resource for: determine the most effective interventions for the best outcomes State health department does: 1. disaster response 2. health care financing 3. administration of Medicaid/Medicare and other programs 4. establishing health codes 5. licensing facilities AND persons 6. regulating insurance industry 7. assisting local health dept. Affordable Care Act features: 1. increase access to affordable health care insurance 2. shift focus from tertiary care to primary and secondary prevention 3. increases support for nursing programs 4. reform health insurance system what are the 3 components of the Intervention Wheel? 1-population base: assess aspects such as walkability, environmental hazards 2-levels of practice (community, systems, individual/family) 3-public health interventions (17 of them) community priorities are identified during what part of the nursing process? assessment...making list of strengths and weaknesses and then prioritizing them based off of available community resources The intervention used to influence the knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices of the population of interest is referred to as: social marketing creating an immunization registry is an example of what level of practice? systems if an outbreak of vaccine preventable illness occurs on a campus, what level of practice would a public health nurse be working on? community community level of practice: effects the norms, attitudes, awareness, practices and behaviors of a community (ie social marketing) systems level of practice: effects organization, policies, laws and other power structures in communities (eg compliance checks of liquor stores) what are the social determinants identified by Healthy People 2020? biology (ie genetics, body's response to world) physical environment (ie pollution, work hazards) social environment (ie culture) income education social support housing personal health practices 10 assumptions of the Wheel: 1-definition of public health nursing practice (ie promote and protect health of a population) 2-focus on population (as opposed to individuals/families) 3-considers determinants of health 4-guided by priorities identified by community health assessment (including the community's readiness to change) 5-emphasizes prevention (especially primary) 6-interventions made at all levels of practice 7-uses the nursing process at all levels of practice 8-uses common set of interventions regardless of practice setting/level 9-contributes to the 10 essential services of Public Health Nursing 10-is grounded in a set of values and beliefs (Cornerstones) what are the Cornerstones of Public Health Nursing? -focus on population health -reflects community needs and desires -have caring relationship with community, systems, individuals -grounded in social justice, sensitivity to diversity, care of the vulnerable, everyone is valuable -uses holistic approach (environment,spirit,mental, etc.) -relies on epidemiology -collaborates with community resources when possible -acts independently (ie own authority) according to Nurse Practice Act red, green, blue wedges (right side of Wheel) focus on what level of practice: individual/family orange, yellow wedges (left side of Wheel) focus on what level of practice: communities and systems two types of populations are: at risk=common identified risk that threatens health of interest=essentially healthy by could still improve health health inequalities definition health status variables that society believes are avoidable and unnecessary how does the world's health effect USA health? Immigration, ease of travel, epidemics, international trade and law all result in other society's health having an impact on our own (eg person gets infected overseas then brings disease home, agricultural chemicals from other countries sent here on their fruits and vegs, natural disasters effect multiple nations at a time or call for support of nations not effected, etc.) developed country vs. lesser developed country: developed country has stable economy with wide range of industrial and technological development while lesser doesn't global primary health services: -organized approach to health promotion involving trained community workers -focus on sanitation -village workers trained and involved in all plans -develop mom and children programs including family planning and vaccines -aimed at local endemics such as malaria or schitosomiasis -increase access and affordability of treatment for common injury and illness -availability of chemo -support community nutrition -promote and accept traditional medicines -Millennium Development Goals