Fundamentals I Final Exam Study Test.

Fundamentals I Final Exam Study Test. What is the most effective method to prevent the transfer of clostridium difficile (C. Difficile) ? - CORRECT ANSWER HAND HYGIENE with soap and water is effective to physically remove C. difficile spores from the hands. What is the term for the [abnormal] method used to assist in stool passage by exerting pressure to expel fecal matter through voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining a forced expiration against a closed airway? - CORRECT ANSWER Valsalva Manuever Which patients are at greatest risk for cardiac dysrhythmia and high blood pressure with the Valsalva manuever and MUST avoid straining to pass stool? - CORRECT ANSWER Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound What is the term for a collection of hardened feces in the rectum that cannot be expelled due to unrelieved constipation? - CORRECT ANSWER Fecal Impaction Where does fecal impaction occur in the colon? - CORRECT ANSWER Rectum Least formed stool is present in which portion of the digestive tract? - CORRECT ANSWER Ascending Colon Most formed stool is present in which portion of the digestive tract? - CORRECT ANSWER Descending Colon Which position should the patient be in while administering an enema? - CORRECT ANSWER Left Side-Lying or Sim's Position Which factors would contribute to stopping enema administration? - CORRECT ANSWER If bleeding occurs, abdomen becomes rigid and distended, pain occurs, or resistance is felt Which enema solution is the safest for administration because it does NOT create a danger for excess fluid absorption? - CORRECT ANSWER Normal Saline [Isotonic Solution] Which enema solution is contraindicated in patients who are dehydrated or young infants because of risk for fluid imbalance? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypertonic solution Which enema solution is considered to be hypotonic and should NOT be repeated because of the risk of water toxicity or circulatory overload if and because the body absorbs excessive amounts of water? - CORRECT ANSWER tap water (hypotonic solution) Which enema solution lubricates the rectum and allows the feces to absorb the oil making them soft and easier to pass? - CORRECT ANSWER oil retention Which laboratory test is used to measure microscopic amounts of blood in the feces (blood that cannot be seen) - CORRECT ANSWER Guaiac Fecal Occult Blood Test When analyzing a fecal specimens for ova and parasites, what is required of the stool? - CORRECT ANSWER The stool MUST be warm. Which cathartic form is most effective because of its stimulant effect on the rectal mucosa (Example: Dulcolax)? - CORRECT ANSWER Cathartic Suppositories What are the assessment findings of a normal stoma? - CORRECT ANSWER bright pink or brick red How does the nurse measure the length of the NG tube for insertion? - CORRECT ANSWER Tip of the nose -- earlobe -- xiphoid process What is the most reliable method of verification for placement of the NG tube? - CORRECT ANSWER X-ray When energy requirements are completely met or EQUALS kcal intake in food what occurs? - CORRECT ANSWER Weight does not change Nutrients are absorbed in what portion of the digestive tract? - CORRECT ANSWER Small intestine [duodenum] Which program established guidelines for balancing calories? - CORRECT ANSWER ChooseMyPlate Vegans are at risk for which nutritional deficiency? - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin B12 deficiency b/c the vitamin is only found in animal sources and vegans ONLY consume plant products Breast milk or formula provides sufficient nutrition for the first _____ to _____ months of life - CORRECT ANSWER 4 to 6 months clear liquid - CORRECT ANSWER Clear fat-free broth, bouillon, coffee, tea, carbonated beverages, clear fruit juices, gelatin, fruit ices, popsicles full liquid - CORRECT ANSWER smooth-textured dairy products (e.g., ice cream), strained or blended cream soups, custards, refined cooked cereals, vegetable juice, pureed vegetables, all fruit juices, sherbets, puddings, frozen yogurt Pureed - CORRECT ANSWER clear and full liquid, with addition of scrambled eggs; pureed meats, vegetables, and fruits; mashed potatoes and gravy Soft/Low Residue - CORRECT ANSWER Addition of low-fiber, easily digested foods such as pastas, casseroles, moist tender meats, and canned cooked fruits and vegetables; desserts, cakes, and cookies without nuts or coconut stage I ulcer - CORRECT ANSWER not blanchable, skin intact ulcer stage II ulcer - CORRECT ANSWER partial thickness skin erosion, not through the dermis stage III ulcer - CORRECT ANSWER full thickness, adipose tissue, all the way through dermis, in the sub-Q