CSI CDT FINAL PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Construction Manager at Risk (CMaR) - ✔✔-bring in someone knowledgeable on
construction topics at an early stage, while construction documents are being
developed.
-the construction professional cannot bid on the project now
✔✔Design-Bid (D-B) - ✔✔-designer-builder provides all services
-use the Owner's A/E
-one prime contract
-typically the contractor is the lead and the A/E is the sub
✔✔Owner-Build (O-B) - ✔✔-one contract with the A/E
-Owner is controlling the entire project
-don't need full set of contract documents for this type of build
✔✔Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) - ✔✔All participants collaborate closely from the
projects earliest conceptualization to move in. Owner has multiple agreements with
independent design and construction firms
✔✔How to select design services - ✔✔Not based on money, but rather qualifications,
experience, and unique design skills
✔✔How to select contract services - ✔✔Lowest competitive bidder, reputation, previous
relationship with the Owner, or primary selection methods
✔✔Project Variables - ✔✔Allowances
Alternates
Unit Prices
used to control:
-indeterminate items, unknowns, and contingencies
-postponement of decisions until more information is known (i.e. cost)
-identification and control of construction costs
✔✔Allowances - ✔✔A monetary amount or quantity not otherwise defined in the
contract documents that the contractor is required to include in a project
✔✔Cash Allowance - ✔✔A monetary sum that the bidder includes as part of the
contract sum to account for certain items to be determined at a later time. *SHOWN ON
DRAWINGS*
, ✔✔Quantity Allowance - ✔✔Specified quantity of a product or assembly that the bidder
includes in the the scope of the work when location of work is undefined *NOT SHOWN
ON DRAWINGS*
✔✔Alternates - ✔✔A defined portion of the work that is priced separately and thus
provides an option for the owner in selecting the final scope of the project
✔✔Unit Price - ✔✔A cost quoted by a bidder or contractor for a single, specified unit of
work.
Useful when nature of work is known, but extent of work is unknown or likely to change
*SHOWN ON DRAWINGS*
✔✔Life cycle cost - ✔✔Based on the total cost of ownership rather than the initial costs
Considerations that influence life cycle costs:
-design decisions about materials and equipment
-maintenance, operation, and replacement of materials and equipment
-alterations, renovations, and improvements
-initial construction
✔✔value analysis - ✔✔Getting the most "bang for your buck"
✔✔Design Considerations (6 of them) - ✔✔Aesthetics
Regulatory requirements (codes and regulations)
Functional elements (adequate space for design, suitability to construction type used,
....)
Constructability
Sustainability
Budget
✔✔What is included in Construction Documents - ✔✔Procurement requirements +
contract documents
✔✔What is included in Procurement Requirements - ✔✔-solicitation or request for
proposal
-instructions for procurement
-available information
-procurement forms and supplements
✔✔Bid vs Proposal - ✔✔Bid = offer to perform work or supply materials or goods at a
specific price - response to a solicitation - usually PUBLIC
Proposal = offer of terms and conditions fo Work - response to a request for proposal -
usually PRIVATE
✔✔Solicitation - ✔✔-invitation to bid = Owner is selective by only inviting certain bidders
-advertisement to bid = Owner accepts all qualified bidders
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Construction Manager at Risk (CMaR) - ✔✔-bring in someone knowledgeable on
construction topics at an early stage, while construction documents are being
developed.
-the construction professional cannot bid on the project now
✔✔Design-Bid (D-B) - ✔✔-designer-builder provides all services
-use the Owner's A/E
-one prime contract
-typically the contractor is the lead and the A/E is the sub
✔✔Owner-Build (O-B) - ✔✔-one contract with the A/E
-Owner is controlling the entire project
-don't need full set of contract documents for this type of build
✔✔Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) - ✔✔All participants collaborate closely from the
projects earliest conceptualization to move in. Owner has multiple agreements with
independent design and construction firms
✔✔How to select design services - ✔✔Not based on money, but rather qualifications,
experience, and unique design skills
✔✔How to select contract services - ✔✔Lowest competitive bidder, reputation, previous
relationship with the Owner, or primary selection methods
✔✔Project Variables - ✔✔Allowances
Alternates
Unit Prices
used to control:
-indeterminate items, unknowns, and contingencies
-postponement of decisions until more information is known (i.e. cost)
-identification and control of construction costs
✔✔Allowances - ✔✔A monetary amount or quantity not otherwise defined in the
contract documents that the contractor is required to include in a project
✔✔Cash Allowance - ✔✔A monetary sum that the bidder includes as part of the
contract sum to account for certain items to be determined at a later time. *SHOWN ON
DRAWINGS*
, ✔✔Quantity Allowance - ✔✔Specified quantity of a product or assembly that the bidder
includes in the the scope of the work when location of work is undefined *NOT SHOWN
ON DRAWINGS*
✔✔Alternates - ✔✔A defined portion of the work that is priced separately and thus
provides an option for the owner in selecting the final scope of the project
✔✔Unit Price - ✔✔A cost quoted by a bidder or contractor for a single, specified unit of
work.
Useful when nature of work is known, but extent of work is unknown or likely to change
*SHOWN ON DRAWINGS*
✔✔Life cycle cost - ✔✔Based on the total cost of ownership rather than the initial costs
Considerations that influence life cycle costs:
-design decisions about materials and equipment
-maintenance, operation, and replacement of materials and equipment
-alterations, renovations, and improvements
-initial construction
✔✔value analysis - ✔✔Getting the most "bang for your buck"
✔✔Design Considerations (6 of them) - ✔✔Aesthetics
Regulatory requirements (codes and regulations)
Functional elements (adequate space for design, suitability to construction type used,
....)
Constructability
Sustainability
Budget
✔✔What is included in Construction Documents - ✔✔Procurement requirements +
contract documents
✔✔What is included in Procurement Requirements - ✔✔-solicitation or request for
proposal
-instructions for procurement
-available information
-procurement forms and supplements
✔✔Bid vs Proposal - ✔✔Bid = offer to perform work or supply materials or goods at a
specific price - response to a solicitation - usually PUBLIC
Proposal = offer of terms and conditions fo Work - response to a request for proposal -
usually PRIVATE
✔✔Solicitation - ✔✔-invitation to bid = Owner is selective by only inviting certain bidders
-advertisement to bid = Owner accepts all qualified bidders
