BLOCK 2 EXAM SCRIPT 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔hanging wall - ✔✔The block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault.
✔✔foot wall - ✔✔The block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault
✔✔plateau - ✔✔A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level
✔✔earthquake - ✔✔The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath
Earth's surface.
✔✔Focus - ✔✔The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and
causes an earthquake
✔✔Epicenter - ✔✔Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus
✔✔p wave - ✔✔depolarization of atria in response to SA node triggering
✔✔s wave - ✔✔A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to
side
✔✔surface wave - ✔✔a type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves
reach Earth's surface
✔✔seismograph - ✔✔A device that records ground movements caused by seismic
waves as they move through Earth
✔✔Richter scale - ✔✔A scale that rates an earthquake's magnitude based on the size
of its seismic waves.
✔✔magnitude - ✔✔Greatness of size, strength, or importance
✔✔volcano - ✔✔A weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface
✔✔magma - ✔✔Molten rock beneath the earth's surface
✔✔lava - ✔✔Magma that reaches Earth's surface
✔✔ring of fire - ✔✔A major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean
✔✔island arc - ✔✔A string of islands formed by the volcanoes along a deep ocean
trench
, ✔✔archipelago - ✔✔A group of islands
✔✔hot spot - ✔✔An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the
crust above it
✔✔magma chamber - ✔✔the pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects
✔✔pipe - ✔✔a long tube through which magma moves from the magma chamber to
Earth's surface
✔✔vent - ✔✔The opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano
✔✔lava flow - ✔✔the area covered by lava as it pours out of a volcano's vent
✔✔crater - ✔✔A bowl-shaped area that forms around a volcano's central opening
✔✔silica - ✔✔a material found in magma that is formed from the elements oxygen and
silicon
✔✔pyroclastic flow - ✔✔relating to or consisting of fragments of rock erupted by a
volcano
✔✔dormant - ✔✔inactive, sleeping
✔✔extinct - ✔✔no longer in existence
✔✔caldera - ✔✔a large crater caused by the violent explosion of a volcano that
collapses into a depression
✔✔cinder cone - ✔✔A steep, cone-shaped hill or small mountain made of volcanic ash,
cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano's opening
✔✔composite volcano - ✔✔A tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava
alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials
✔✔shield volcano - ✔✔a wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and
formed by quiet eruptions
✔✔volcanic neck - ✔✔A deposit of hardened magma in a volcano's pipe
✔✔dike - ✔✔A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma forces itself across rock
layers
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔hanging wall - ✔✔The block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault.
✔✔foot wall - ✔✔The block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault
✔✔plateau - ✔✔A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level
✔✔earthquake - ✔✔The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath
Earth's surface.
✔✔Focus - ✔✔The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and
causes an earthquake
✔✔Epicenter - ✔✔Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus
✔✔p wave - ✔✔depolarization of atria in response to SA node triggering
✔✔s wave - ✔✔A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to
side
✔✔surface wave - ✔✔a type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves
reach Earth's surface
✔✔seismograph - ✔✔A device that records ground movements caused by seismic
waves as they move through Earth
✔✔Richter scale - ✔✔A scale that rates an earthquake's magnitude based on the size
of its seismic waves.
✔✔magnitude - ✔✔Greatness of size, strength, or importance
✔✔volcano - ✔✔A weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface
✔✔magma - ✔✔Molten rock beneath the earth's surface
✔✔lava - ✔✔Magma that reaches Earth's surface
✔✔ring of fire - ✔✔A major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean
✔✔island arc - ✔✔A string of islands formed by the volcanoes along a deep ocean
trench
, ✔✔archipelago - ✔✔A group of islands
✔✔hot spot - ✔✔An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the
crust above it
✔✔magma chamber - ✔✔the pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects
✔✔pipe - ✔✔a long tube through which magma moves from the magma chamber to
Earth's surface
✔✔vent - ✔✔The opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano
✔✔lava flow - ✔✔the area covered by lava as it pours out of a volcano's vent
✔✔crater - ✔✔A bowl-shaped area that forms around a volcano's central opening
✔✔silica - ✔✔a material found in magma that is formed from the elements oxygen and
silicon
✔✔pyroclastic flow - ✔✔relating to or consisting of fragments of rock erupted by a
volcano
✔✔dormant - ✔✔inactive, sleeping
✔✔extinct - ✔✔no longer in existence
✔✔caldera - ✔✔a large crater caused by the violent explosion of a volcano that
collapses into a depression
✔✔cinder cone - ✔✔A steep, cone-shaped hill or small mountain made of volcanic ash,
cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano's opening
✔✔composite volcano - ✔✔A tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava
alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials
✔✔shield volcano - ✔✔a wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and
formed by quiet eruptions
✔✔volcanic neck - ✔✔A deposit of hardened magma in a volcano's pipe
✔✔dike - ✔✔A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma forces itself across rock
layers
