BIO 124- Exam 1 UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
the human genome project - CORRECT ANSWER - fostered development of faster, less
expensive sequencing techniques
bioinformatics - CORRECT ANSWER - scientists use this to analyze genomes and their
functions
size, number of genes, and gene density - CORRECT ANSWER - genomes vary in
duplication, rearrangement, and mutation of DNA - CORRECT ANSWER - these
contribute to genome evolution
evolutionary history of genes and taxonomic groups - CORRECT ANSWER -
comparisons of genomes among organisms provide info about
genomics - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of whole sets of genes and their interactions
bioinformatics - CORRECT ANSWER - the application of computational methods to the
storage and analysis of biological data
1. cut DNA into overlapping fragments short enough for sequencing
2.clone the fragments in plasmid or other vectors
3. sequence each fragment
4. order the sequences into one overall sequence with computer software - CORRECT
ANSWER - steps for the whole-genome shotgun approach to sequencing
,whole-genome shotgun approach - CORRECT ANSWER - developed by Craig Venter,
starts with cloning and sequencing random DNA fragments, powerful computer programs used
to assemble resulting short sequences into a single sequence
sequencing by synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - technique that allows one to sequence
the fragments directly, without cloning step, taking less time
metagenomics - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA from a group of species in an environmental
sample that is connected and sequenced
GenBank - CORRECT ANSWER - this NCBl database of sequences, doubles its data
approximately every 18 months
the protein sequence - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA sequence may vary more than
the predicted amino acid sequence of a protein with that of other proteins - CORRECT
ANSWER - scientists interested in proteins often compare
sequence similarity - CORRECT ANSWER - protein function can be deduced from this
gene organization, regulation of expression, growth and development, and evolution -
CORRECT ANSWER - genomics answers questions about
protein-coding genes, genes for noncoding RNA, sequences that regulate DNA replication, gene
expression, and chromatin modification - CORRECT ANSWER - the project ENCODE
(encyclopedia of DNA elements) has a lot of info about
proteomics - CORRECT ANSWER - the systematic study of the full protein sets encoded
by genomes
, systems biology - CORRECT ANSWER - aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole
biological systems based on the study of interactions among the system's parts
The Cancer Genome Atlas - CORRECT ANSWER - attempted to identify all the common
mutations in three types of cancer by comparing gene sequences and expression in cancer versus
normal cells (extended to 10 more common cancers)
usually larger - CORRECT ANSWER - compared to bacteria and archaea genomes of
eukaryotes are
symmetric relationship between genome size and phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER -
within each domain there is no
1,500 to 7,500 - CORRECT ANSWER - free-living bacteria and archaea have how many
genes
5,000 - CORRECT ANSWER - unicellular fungi have about how many genes
at least 40,000 - CORRECT ANSWER - multicellular eukaryotes can have around how
many genes
they are not correlated - CORRECT ANSWER - what is the relationship between number
of genes and genome size
Vertebrate genomes - CORRECT ANSWER - these can produce more than one
polypeptide per gene because of alternative splicing of RNA transcripts
humans and other mammals - CORRECT ANSWER - organisms that have the lowest gene
density
Questions and CORRECT Answers
the human genome project - CORRECT ANSWER - fostered development of faster, less
expensive sequencing techniques
bioinformatics - CORRECT ANSWER - scientists use this to analyze genomes and their
functions
size, number of genes, and gene density - CORRECT ANSWER - genomes vary in
duplication, rearrangement, and mutation of DNA - CORRECT ANSWER - these
contribute to genome evolution
evolutionary history of genes and taxonomic groups - CORRECT ANSWER -
comparisons of genomes among organisms provide info about
genomics - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of whole sets of genes and their interactions
bioinformatics - CORRECT ANSWER - the application of computational methods to the
storage and analysis of biological data
1. cut DNA into overlapping fragments short enough for sequencing
2.clone the fragments in plasmid or other vectors
3. sequence each fragment
4. order the sequences into one overall sequence with computer software - CORRECT
ANSWER - steps for the whole-genome shotgun approach to sequencing
,whole-genome shotgun approach - CORRECT ANSWER - developed by Craig Venter,
starts with cloning and sequencing random DNA fragments, powerful computer programs used
to assemble resulting short sequences into a single sequence
sequencing by synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - technique that allows one to sequence
the fragments directly, without cloning step, taking less time
metagenomics - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA from a group of species in an environmental
sample that is connected and sequenced
GenBank - CORRECT ANSWER - this NCBl database of sequences, doubles its data
approximately every 18 months
the protein sequence - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA sequence may vary more than
the predicted amino acid sequence of a protein with that of other proteins - CORRECT
ANSWER - scientists interested in proteins often compare
sequence similarity - CORRECT ANSWER - protein function can be deduced from this
gene organization, regulation of expression, growth and development, and evolution -
CORRECT ANSWER - genomics answers questions about
protein-coding genes, genes for noncoding RNA, sequences that regulate DNA replication, gene
expression, and chromatin modification - CORRECT ANSWER - the project ENCODE
(encyclopedia of DNA elements) has a lot of info about
proteomics - CORRECT ANSWER - the systematic study of the full protein sets encoded
by genomes
, systems biology - CORRECT ANSWER - aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole
biological systems based on the study of interactions among the system's parts
The Cancer Genome Atlas - CORRECT ANSWER - attempted to identify all the common
mutations in three types of cancer by comparing gene sequences and expression in cancer versus
normal cells (extended to 10 more common cancers)
usually larger - CORRECT ANSWER - compared to bacteria and archaea genomes of
eukaryotes are
symmetric relationship between genome size and phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER -
within each domain there is no
1,500 to 7,500 - CORRECT ANSWER - free-living bacteria and archaea have how many
genes
5,000 - CORRECT ANSWER - unicellular fungi have about how many genes
at least 40,000 - CORRECT ANSWER - multicellular eukaryotes can have around how
many genes
they are not correlated - CORRECT ANSWER - what is the relationship between number
of genes and genome size
Vertebrate genomes - CORRECT ANSWER - these can produce more than one
polypeptide per gene because of alternative splicing of RNA transcripts
humans and other mammals - CORRECT ANSWER - organisms that have the lowest gene
density
