BIO 124 Lab Practical ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Tendrils - CORRECT ANSWER - A twisting, threadlike structure by which a twining plant
(vine) grasps an object for support. Ex: Grape, sweet pea, and Passion flower
Spines - CORRECT ANSWER - In plants, modified leaves that are stiff and sharp and that
function in defense. Ex: fever tree
Storage leaves - CORRECT ANSWER - leaves that are adapted to catch and store falling
water.
Reproductive leaves - CORRECT ANSWER - plantlets capable of growing independently
into full-sized plant
Plant pollination by animals - CORRECT ANSWER - bees, butterflies and beetles,
Seed dispersing fruit - CORRECT ANSWER - blackberry coconut bean wheat cherry
Xylem - CORRECT ANSWER - vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots
to every part of a plant
Phloem - CORRECT ANSWER - Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic
substances throughout a plant
Eudicot root - CORRECT ANSWER - epidermis
cortex
endodermis
casparian strip
,vascular tissue
Monocot Root - CORRECT ANSWER - One of the two major types of þowering plants;
characterized by having a single cotyledon, þoral organs arranged in threesd or multiples of
three, and parallel-veined leaves; include grasses, cattails, lilies, and palm trees. One of the two
major groups in the Angiosperms, monocots are characterized by having a single seed leaf
(cotyledon), flower parts in 3's or multiples of 3, monoaperturate pollen (although some dicots
also have this feature), parallel veins in their leaves, and scattered vascular bundles in their
stems. PICTURE
Dicot Stem - CORRECT ANSWER - One of the two main types of flowering plants;
characterized by having two cotyledons, floral organs arranged in cycles of four or five, and
leaves with reticulate veins; include trees (except conifers) and most ornamental and crop plants.
PICTURE
Monocot stem - CORRECT ANSWER -
Woody eudicot stem - CORRECT ANSWER -
How does the arrangement of the vascular tissue differ between the monocot and eudicot root? -
CORRECT ANSWER - In monocots, xylem and phloem are organized in vascular bundles
scattered throughout the stem. As the plant grows, monocot stems generate new vascular bundles
for the new tissue. Monocot stems in general possess a simpler arrangement than that found in
dicots; the main elements of the stem are merely the vascular bundles and the pith (used for
nutrient storage) that surrounds them.
The vascular system found in dicots is somewhat more complex than that found in monocots. In
the dicot stem, the vascular bundles are arranged in a ring, with pith concentrated at the core of
the stem, rather than being scattered throughout the plant interior. In each vascular bundle, the
xylem and phloem are separated by a substance called vascular cambium. As the plant grows,
existing bundles grow larger (rather than new vascular bundles being generated, as in monocots).
The vascular cambium operates by producing new xylem and phloem cells, which in turn pushes
the old cells outward and forces the bundle to grow.
,How would you compare the overall structure of monocot and eudicot roots? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Monocot roots, interestingly, have their vascular bundles arranged in a ring.
Dicot roots have their xylem in the center of the root and phloem outside the xylem
Is a carrot plant monocot or eudicot - CORRECT ANSWER - dicot root
How do roots grow? - CORRECT ANSWER - Monocots tend to have "fibrous roots" that
web off in many directions. These fibrous roots occupy the upper level of the soil in comparison
to dicot root structures that dig deeper and create thicker systems.
Dicot roots also contain one main root called the taproot, where other, smaller roots branch off.
Despite the type of plant, roots are essential to the plant's growth and survival, therefore
encouraging a deeper and more extensive root system that can help increase the health of the
plant.
Symbiotic relationships - CORRECT ANSWER - Animals, fungus and bacteria. The
fungus absorbs carbohydrates from the root, un return the fungus hyphae increases the surface
are for the uptake of water and minerals. Animals, ants provide protection for the plant in
exchange for food. Bacteria, Azolla provides carbohydrates for a nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium
in return the fern receives nitrogen from the cyanobacterium
Prop roots - CORRECT ANSWER - Thick adventitious roots that grow from the lower
part of the stem and brace the plant. Grows partially above ground
Storage roots - CORRECT ANSWER - Modified roots that store water or food (e.g.
carrots)
Pneumatophores - CORRECT ANSWER - Snorkel-like root structures on some mangrove
species that draw air from above the water's surface
, Strangling aerial roots - CORRECT ANSWER - aerial roots (roots above ground) that
encompass another plant
ex: strangler fig tree
Buttress roots - CORRECT ANSWER - give architectural support to the trunk of trees
Differences between woody and herbaceous eudicots in terms of locations of their vascular
tissues - CORRECT ANSWER - Monocots do not have a vascular cambium; dicots have a
vascular cambium, with all the phloem cells being arranged in a ring under the epidermis, just
external to the cambium, with the xylem cells interior to that. In monocot stems, the xylem and
phloem is found in columns of cells several such columns of xylem cells bundled with such
columns of phloem, several bundles scattered throughout the stem tissue, which is
undifferentiated parenchyma and vacuoles (empty spaces). In cross section, a simplified diagram
of an herbaceous dicot stem would look like a wheel with a rim and a tire. A monocot stem cross
section would look like a raisin cookie.
What type of tissue is wood? - CORRECT ANSWER - secondary xylem
Eudicot leaf - CORRECT ANSWER -
Stomata with guard cells - CORRECT ANSWER -
Monocot flower - CORRECT ANSWER -
Eudicot flower snap - CORRECT ANSWER -
Main function of a plant leaf - CORRECT ANSWER - photosynthesis and gas exchange
Function of a stomata and guard cells of the leaf - CORRECT ANSWER - During
photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is taken in from the atmosphere through the stomata. Guard cells
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Tendrils - CORRECT ANSWER - A twisting, threadlike structure by which a twining plant
(vine) grasps an object for support. Ex: Grape, sweet pea, and Passion flower
Spines - CORRECT ANSWER - In plants, modified leaves that are stiff and sharp and that
function in defense. Ex: fever tree
Storage leaves - CORRECT ANSWER - leaves that are adapted to catch and store falling
water.
Reproductive leaves - CORRECT ANSWER - plantlets capable of growing independently
into full-sized plant
Plant pollination by animals - CORRECT ANSWER - bees, butterflies and beetles,
Seed dispersing fruit - CORRECT ANSWER - blackberry coconut bean wheat cherry
Xylem - CORRECT ANSWER - vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots
to every part of a plant
Phloem - CORRECT ANSWER - Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic
substances throughout a plant
Eudicot root - CORRECT ANSWER - epidermis
cortex
endodermis
casparian strip
,vascular tissue
Monocot Root - CORRECT ANSWER - One of the two major types of þowering plants;
characterized by having a single cotyledon, þoral organs arranged in threesd or multiples of
three, and parallel-veined leaves; include grasses, cattails, lilies, and palm trees. One of the two
major groups in the Angiosperms, monocots are characterized by having a single seed leaf
(cotyledon), flower parts in 3's or multiples of 3, monoaperturate pollen (although some dicots
also have this feature), parallel veins in their leaves, and scattered vascular bundles in their
stems. PICTURE
Dicot Stem - CORRECT ANSWER - One of the two main types of flowering plants;
characterized by having two cotyledons, floral organs arranged in cycles of four or five, and
leaves with reticulate veins; include trees (except conifers) and most ornamental and crop plants.
PICTURE
Monocot stem - CORRECT ANSWER -
Woody eudicot stem - CORRECT ANSWER -
How does the arrangement of the vascular tissue differ between the monocot and eudicot root? -
CORRECT ANSWER - In monocots, xylem and phloem are organized in vascular bundles
scattered throughout the stem. As the plant grows, monocot stems generate new vascular bundles
for the new tissue. Monocot stems in general possess a simpler arrangement than that found in
dicots; the main elements of the stem are merely the vascular bundles and the pith (used for
nutrient storage) that surrounds them.
The vascular system found in dicots is somewhat more complex than that found in monocots. In
the dicot stem, the vascular bundles are arranged in a ring, with pith concentrated at the core of
the stem, rather than being scattered throughout the plant interior. In each vascular bundle, the
xylem and phloem are separated by a substance called vascular cambium. As the plant grows,
existing bundles grow larger (rather than new vascular bundles being generated, as in monocots).
The vascular cambium operates by producing new xylem and phloem cells, which in turn pushes
the old cells outward and forces the bundle to grow.
,How would you compare the overall structure of monocot and eudicot roots? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Monocot roots, interestingly, have their vascular bundles arranged in a ring.
Dicot roots have their xylem in the center of the root and phloem outside the xylem
Is a carrot plant monocot or eudicot - CORRECT ANSWER - dicot root
How do roots grow? - CORRECT ANSWER - Monocots tend to have "fibrous roots" that
web off in many directions. These fibrous roots occupy the upper level of the soil in comparison
to dicot root structures that dig deeper and create thicker systems.
Dicot roots also contain one main root called the taproot, where other, smaller roots branch off.
Despite the type of plant, roots are essential to the plant's growth and survival, therefore
encouraging a deeper and more extensive root system that can help increase the health of the
plant.
Symbiotic relationships - CORRECT ANSWER - Animals, fungus and bacteria. The
fungus absorbs carbohydrates from the root, un return the fungus hyphae increases the surface
are for the uptake of water and minerals. Animals, ants provide protection for the plant in
exchange for food. Bacteria, Azolla provides carbohydrates for a nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium
in return the fern receives nitrogen from the cyanobacterium
Prop roots - CORRECT ANSWER - Thick adventitious roots that grow from the lower
part of the stem and brace the plant. Grows partially above ground
Storage roots - CORRECT ANSWER - Modified roots that store water or food (e.g.
carrots)
Pneumatophores - CORRECT ANSWER - Snorkel-like root structures on some mangrove
species that draw air from above the water's surface
, Strangling aerial roots - CORRECT ANSWER - aerial roots (roots above ground) that
encompass another plant
ex: strangler fig tree
Buttress roots - CORRECT ANSWER - give architectural support to the trunk of trees
Differences between woody and herbaceous eudicots in terms of locations of their vascular
tissues - CORRECT ANSWER - Monocots do not have a vascular cambium; dicots have a
vascular cambium, with all the phloem cells being arranged in a ring under the epidermis, just
external to the cambium, with the xylem cells interior to that. In monocot stems, the xylem and
phloem is found in columns of cells several such columns of xylem cells bundled with such
columns of phloem, several bundles scattered throughout the stem tissue, which is
undifferentiated parenchyma and vacuoles (empty spaces). In cross section, a simplified diagram
of an herbaceous dicot stem would look like a wheel with a rim and a tire. A monocot stem cross
section would look like a raisin cookie.
What type of tissue is wood? - CORRECT ANSWER - secondary xylem
Eudicot leaf - CORRECT ANSWER -
Stomata with guard cells - CORRECT ANSWER -
Monocot flower - CORRECT ANSWER -
Eudicot flower snap - CORRECT ANSWER -
Main function of a plant leaf - CORRECT ANSWER - photosynthesis and gas exchange
Function of a stomata and guard cells of the leaf - CORRECT ANSWER - During
photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is taken in from the atmosphere through the stomata. Guard cells
