NAS2 Study Guide Questions with Correct Answers
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/. Most common atoms in living organisms - Answer-Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen,
Nitrogen, Calcium, Phosphorus
/.What is the charge of the nucleus within an atom? - Answer-Positive
/.Which of the following are some of the most common elements in humans? - Answer-
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen
/.Where are electrons found in an atom? - Answer-In shells orbiting the nucleus
/.If you change the number of protons of an atoms, what is the result? - Answer-A new
element is formed
/.An atom can hold up to ______ electrons in the first shell, and up to _________
electrons in its second shell. - Answer-2,8
/.Atoms with an incomplete outer shell are said to be ______________. - Answer-
Reactive
/.intramolecular bonds. - Answer-they are found inside molecules, they create the
molecule
/.Cations - Answer-If an atom has given away electrons they now have a positive
charge and we call them..
/.Anions - Answer-If an atom has received extra electrons it now has a negative charge
and we call them...
/.Intermolecular Bond - Answer-the bond is found between molecules, not inside the
molecule.
/.Covalent Bonds - Answer-Bonds created by the sharing of a pair of electrons
/.Ionic Bonds - Answer-Bonds between two oppositely charged atoms
/.Hydrogen Bonds - Answer-Bonds between two polar molecules
/.Which of the following best describes water in the body? - Answer-A solvent
, /.What kind of molecule is water? - Answer-polar molecule
/.Which of the following are functions of water? - Answer-solvent, transport, lubricate,
cushion
/.In a solution of water and glucose, which is the solute? - Answer-Glucose
/.Which is the universal solvent in the human body? - Answer-water
/.What is pH - Answer-measure of hydrogen ion concentration
/.What is an acid? - Answer-proton donor
/.What is a base? - Answer-proton acceptor
/.What is a buffer? - Answer-molecule that resists pH change
/.As pH drops the concentration of hydrogen ions __________. - Answer-Increases
/.Ions are critically important for muscle physiology, neurophysiology, release of
neurotransmitters, and blood clotting. - Answer-True
/.Which of the following is an ion? - Answer-Ca2+
/.What type of macromolecule are triglycerides? - Answer-lipids
/.Where are phospholipids found in the body? - Answer-in cell membranes
/.Monosaccharides combine to form _____________. - Answer-carbohydrates
/.The monomer of a protein is _________. - Answer-amino acid
/.If a nucleic acid undergoes hydrolysis the result would be the following. - Answer-
nucleotides
/.What process would be required to join two amino acids together? - Answer-
dehydration synthesis
/.Which of the following are true about denaturation? - Answer--it results in the loss of
the three-dimensional shape of a protein
-it is typically permanent
/.Example of kinetic energy - Answer-sound
/.Example of potential energy - Answer-concentration gradients
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/. Most common atoms in living organisms - Answer-Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen,
Nitrogen, Calcium, Phosphorus
/.What is the charge of the nucleus within an atom? - Answer-Positive
/.Which of the following are some of the most common elements in humans? - Answer-
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen
/.Where are electrons found in an atom? - Answer-In shells orbiting the nucleus
/.If you change the number of protons of an atoms, what is the result? - Answer-A new
element is formed
/.An atom can hold up to ______ electrons in the first shell, and up to _________
electrons in its second shell. - Answer-2,8
/.Atoms with an incomplete outer shell are said to be ______________. - Answer-
Reactive
/.intramolecular bonds. - Answer-they are found inside molecules, they create the
molecule
/.Cations - Answer-If an atom has given away electrons they now have a positive
charge and we call them..
/.Anions - Answer-If an atom has received extra electrons it now has a negative charge
and we call them...
/.Intermolecular Bond - Answer-the bond is found between molecules, not inside the
molecule.
/.Covalent Bonds - Answer-Bonds created by the sharing of a pair of electrons
/.Ionic Bonds - Answer-Bonds between two oppositely charged atoms
/.Hydrogen Bonds - Answer-Bonds between two polar molecules
/.Which of the following best describes water in the body? - Answer-A solvent
, /.What kind of molecule is water? - Answer-polar molecule
/.Which of the following are functions of water? - Answer-solvent, transport, lubricate,
cushion
/.In a solution of water and glucose, which is the solute? - Answer-Glucose
/.Which is the universal solvent in the human body? - Answer-water
/.What is pH - Answer-measure of hydrogen ion concentration
/.What is an acid? - Answer-proton donor
/.What is a base? - Answer-proton acceptor
/.What is a buffer? - Answer-molecule that resists pH change
/.As pH drops the concentration of hydrogen ions __________. - Answer-Increases
/.Ions are critically important for muscle physiology, neurophysiology, release of
neurotransmitters, and blood clotting. - Answer-True
/.Which of the following is an ion? - Answer-Ca2+
/.What type of macromolecule are triglycerides? - Answer-lipids
/.Where are phospholipids found in the body? - Answer-in cell membranes
/.Monosaccharides combine to form _____________. - Answer-carbohydrates
/.The monomer of a protein is _________. - Answer-amino acid
/.If a nucleic acid undergoes hydrolysis the result would be the following. - Answer-
nucleotides
/.What process would be required to join two amino acids together? - Answer-
dehydration synthesis
/.Which of the following are true about denaturation? - Answer--it results in the loss of
the three-dimensional shape of a protein
-it is typically permanent
/.Example of kinetic energy - Answer-sound
/.Example of potential energy - Answer-concentration gradients
