Cardiopulmonary - Applied Physiology
Exam 3 Questions and Answers
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the lungs and the blood is called - ANS-pulmonary
diffusion
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood and the metabolically active tissues is
called - ANS-capillary diffusion
The primary muscles normally responsible for inspiration are - ANS-external muscles
and diaphragm
During expiration air moves out of the lungs because of a ______ between the
intrapulmonary pressure and atmospheric pressure. - ANS-pressure gradient
The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a given breath is called the - ANS-tidal
volume
The largest volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration is - ANS-vital
capacity
Which is not true about gas diffusion - ANS-...
Regarding diffusion of O2 and CO2 across the respiratory membrane, CO2 diffuses
rapidly across the membrane in spite of a relatively small ____. - ANS-pressure gradient
When a decrease in muscle or blood pH causes increased unloading of O2 from
hemoglobin, this is an example of - ANS-the Bohr effect
Factors associated with dissociation of oxygen from red blood cells: increased _____,
_____, and ____ and decreased _____ - ANS-increased PO2 gradient, increased
acidity, increased temp
decreased pH
Each 100 mL of blood contains an average of ____ hemoglobin in men and ____ in
women. - ANS-14-18 g
12-16 g
,CO2 Transport: a small portion binds to the ____ portion of hemoglobin and the majority
is transported as _____. - ANS-globin
bicarbonate ions
Myoglobin found in skeletal muscle serves to - ANS-transport oxygen from the cell
membrane to the mitochondria
The carotid bodies have chemoreceptors that are sensitive to changes in - ANS-arterial
H+, PCO2, and PO2
Ventilatory regulation appears to be most sensitive to what chemical stimuli? - ANS-
PCO2
Voluntary hyperventilation would cause a ____ in ventilatory drive and result in a ____
in alveolar and arterial CO2. - ANS-decrease
decrease
Cardirespiratory endurance training causes a ___ in the size of the left ventricular
chamber, ____ in thickness of myocardial wall, and _____ in resting heart rate due to
increased _____. - ANS-increase
increase
decrease
vagal tone
Steady state heart rate during light to mod submaximal exercise demonstrates what
respnose pattern? - ANS-gradual increase and plateaus in 2-3 min
Cardiorespiratory endurance training results in heart rate adaptations such as a ____
resting heart rate, a ____ steady state heart rate for the same absolute workload before
training, and a ____ or slightly _____ maximal heart rate. - ANS-decreased
decreased
unchanged or slightly reduced
Generally, cardiovascular adaptation can be said to have occurred when ___ amount of
work can be accomplished in less time with less ____ and ____ total work can be
completed. - ANS-same
physiological disruption
more
, Submaximal exercise tests can be used to estimate aerobic capacity based on the
linear relationship between ____ and ____. - ANS-heart rate
oxygen consumption
At near maximal and maximal exercise intensities, ___ is a major determinant of
cardiorespiratory endurance capacity. - ANS-stroke volume
An ____ in afterload would cause a decrease in stroke volume. - ANS-increase
The fact that an increase in EDV increases SV of the heart is the illustration of - ANS-
Frank Starling mechnism
The most important contributor to the improvement in stroke volume with endurance
training is _____ - ANS-increased blood volume
Echocardiography can be used to view and measure or monitor - ANS-electrical activity
of the heart
During a graded exercise test, you would expect to see systolic blood pressure _____
while diastolic blood pressure _____. - ANS-rises linearly
changes very little
At very high heart rates during cardiorespiratory endurance exercise, stroke volume
may decrease because of inadequate _____ resulting from a shortening of _____. -
ANS-ventricular filling
diastole
The initial increase in heart rate up to about 100 bpm is mediated by decrease or
withdrawal of ____ and increase in stimulation of _____. - ANS-vagal tone
sympathetic nervous system
Blood pressure is calculated as - ANS-HR x SV X TPR
Rate pressure product, also referred to as ______, is a reflection of _____, and equals
______. - ANS-double product
myocardial oxygen uptake
systolic blood pressure X heart rate
Exam 3 Questions and Answers
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the lungs and the blood is called - ANS-pulmonary
diffusion
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood and the metabolically active tissues is
called - ANS-capillary diffusion
The primary muscles normally responsible for inspiration are - ANS-external muscles
and diaphragm
During expiration air moves out of the lungs because of a ______ between the
intrapulmonary pressure and atmospheric pressure. - ANS-pressure gradient
The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a given breath is called the - ANS-tidal
volume
The largest volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration is - ANS-vital
capacity
Which is not true about gas diffusion - ANS-...
Regarding diffusion of O2 and CO2 across the respiratory membrane, CO2 diffuses
rapidly across the membrane in spite of a relatively small ____. - ANS-pressure gradient
When a decrease in muscle or blood pH causes increased unloading of O2 from
hemoglobin, this is an example of - ANS-the Bohr effect
Factors associated with dissociation of oxygen from red blood cells: increased _____,
_____, and ____ and decreased _____ - ANS-increased PO2 gradient, increased
acidity, increased temp
decreased pH
Each 100 mL of blood contains an average of ____ hemoglobin in men and ____ in
women. - ANS-14-18 g
12-16 g
,CO2 Transport: a small portion binds to the ____ portion of hemoglobin and the majority
is transported as _____. - ANS-globin
bicarbonate ions
Myoglobin found in skeletal muscle serves to - ANS-transport oxygen from the cell
membrane to the mitochondria
The carotid bodies have chemoreceptors that are sensitive to changes in - ANS-arterial
H+, PCO2, and PO2
Ventilatory regulation appears to be most sensitive to what chemical stimuli? - ANS-
PCO2
Voluntary hyperventilation would cause a ____ in ventilatory drive and result in a ____
in alveolar and arterial CO2. - ANS-decrease
decrease
Cardirespiratory endurance training causes a ___ in the size of the left ventricular
chamber, ____ in thickness of myocardial wall, and _____ in resting heart rate due to
increased _____. - ANS-increase
increase
decrease
vagal tone
Steady state heart rate during light to mod submaximal exercise demonstrates what
respnose pattern? - ANS-gradual increase and plateaus in 2-3 min
Cardiorespiratory endurance training results in heart rate adaptations such as a ____
resting heart rate, a ____ steady state heart rate for the same absolute workload before
training, and a ____ or slightly _____ maximal heart rate. - ANS-decreased
decreased
unchanged or slightly reduced
Generally, cardiovascular adaptation can be said to have occurred when ___ amount of
work can be accomplished in less time with less ____ and ____ total work can be
completed. - ANS-same
physiological disruption
more
, Submaximal exercise tests can be used to estimate aerobic capacity based on the
linear relationship between ____ and ____. - ANS-heart rate
oxygen consumption
At near maximal and maximal exercise intensities, ___ is a major determinant of
cardiorespiratory endurance capacity. - ANS-stroke volume
An ____ in afterload would cause a decrease in stroke volume. - ANS-increase
The fact that an increase in EDV increases SV of the heart is the illustration of - ANS-
Frank Starling mechnism
The most important contributor to the improvement in stroke volume with endurance
training is _____ - ANS-increased blood volume
Echocardiography can be used to view and measure or monitor - ANS-electrical activity
of the heart
During a graded exercise test, you would expect to see systolic blood pressure _____
while diastolic blood pressure _____. - ANS-rises linearly
changes very little
At very high heart rates during cardiorespiratory endurance exercise, stroke volume
may decrease because of inadequate _____ resulting from a shortening of _____. -
ANS-ventricular filling
diastole
The initial increase in heart rate up to about 100 bpm is mediated by decrease or
withdrawal of ____ and increase in stimulation of _____. - ANS-vagal tone
sympathetic nervous system
Blood pressure is calculated as - ANS-HR x SV X TPR
Rate pressure product, also referred to as ______, is a reflection of _____, and equals
______. - ANS-double product
myocardial oxygen uptake
systolic blood pressure X heart rate
