EOSC 114 FINAL EXAM PREP LATEST UPDATED
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the atmosphere - ANSWER-nitrogen,
oxygen, argon
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the earth core - ANSWER-iron, nickel,
oxygen
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the earth crust - ANSWER-oxygen, silicon,
aluminum
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the ocean - ANSWER-oxygen, hydrogen,
chlorine
3 characteristics of a mass extinction - ANSWER-at least 30% of species lost, broad
range of ecosystems, short/sudden
3 internal causes of landslides? - ANSWER-water, inherently weak materials, adverse
geologic structures
5 external causes of landslides? - ANSWER-slope angle, undercutting, overloading,
vegetation, climate
asteroids - ANSWER-very large chunks of rock in space that are smaller than a planet,
common in a series of belts between Mars and Jupiter
at what point do orbits disappear? - ANSWER-belown depth (d > 1/2 L)
at what point do waves break? - ANSWER-H/d > 3/4
at what point does the wave become too high for its wavelength - ANSWER-H/L > 1/7
biosphere - ANSWER-thin layer of life on the Earth's surface composed of ecosystems
biostratigraphy - ANSWER-part of stratigraphy that identifies the relative ages of rock
layers using fossils
bolide - ANSWER-extremely bright meteor that explodes in the atmosphere
calderas - ANSWER-felsic, explosive, created from large, explosive eruptions of felsic
pyroclastic material, created when the roof of the magma chamber collapses, up to 10's
km across, rare eruptions
causes of the Permo/Triassic extinction? - ANSWER-continental configuration, sea level
fall, oceanic stagnation, possible extra terrestrial impacts, climate change
, cinder cones - ANSWER-mafic, explosive, layers of pyroclastic ejecta, frequent
eruptions
Cold Oysters Sometimes Die Calmly Patiently Then Just Cave ¿Por Que? - ANSWER-
Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic,
Cretaceous Paleogene, Quaternary
comet showmaker levy-9 prompted what hypothesis? - ANSWER-sudden geological
changes arise from asteroid strikes and asteroid strikes are common over geological
time periods
comets - ANSWER-chunks of rock mixed with ice, 'dirty snowballs', commonly around
15km in diameter, comets, comets come from the Oort Cloud and Kuiper Belt
complex craters are much bigger than what? - ANSWER-the impactor
compressibility - ANSWER-able to be squeezed or expanded so that the mass fills less
or more space; results in a change of density (mass/volume) of the object, because of
the volume change
condensation does 3 things - ANSWER-releases sensible heat into storms, reduces the
humidity down to the equilibrium value, produces or increases liquid cloud drops
constructive interference - ANSWER-crests line up with crests and troughs line up with
troughs, bigger waves, high energy packet
continuity concept - ANSWER-air molecules tend to spread themselves smoothly and
evenly, they don't leave any gaps, air is continuous
cross-cutting - ANSWER-if it cuts through it is probably younger
DART Buoy System - ANSWER-Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami
- measures pressure changes on seafloor caused by tsunami
- verifies tsunami exists
-communicates info to warning centres
define aa lava - ANSWER-a lava flow with a rough, blocky surface; slower-flowing, more
viscous
define angle of response - ANSWER-steepest angle a slope can maintain without
collapsing, the exact angle varies depending on material
define asthenosphere - ANSWER-almost melting, still solid (less than 5% melted), very
ductile, NOT brittle
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the atmosphere - ANSWER-nitrogen,
oxygen, argon
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the earth core - ANSWER-iron, nickel,
oxygen
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the earth crust - ANSWER-oxygen, silicon,
aluminum
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the ocean - ANSWER-oxygen, hydrogen,
chlorine
3 characteristics of a mass extinction - ANSWER-at least 30% of species lost, broad
range of ecosystems, short/sudden
3 internal causes of landslides? - ANSWER-water, inherently weak materials, adverse
geologic structures
5 external causes of landslides? - ANSWER-slope angle, undercutting, overloading,
vegetation, climate
asteroids - ANSWER-very large chunks of rock in space that are smaller than a planet,
common in a series of belts between Mars and Jupiter
at what point do orbits disappear? - ANSWER-belown depth (d > 1/2 L)
at what point do waves break? - ANSWER-H/d > 3/4
at what point does the wave become too high for its wavelength - ANSWER-H/L > 1/7
biosphere - ANSWER-thin layer of life on the Earth's surface composed of ecosystems
biostratigraphy - ANSWER-part of stratigraphy that identifies the relative ages of rock
layers using fossils
bolide - ANSWER-extremely bright meteor that explodes in the atmosphere
calderas - ANSWER-felsic, explosive, created from large, explosive eruptions of felsic
pyroclastic material, created when the roof of the magma chamber collapses, up to 10's
km across, rare eruptions
causes of the Permo/Triassic extinction? - ANSWER-continental configuration, sea level
fall, oceanic stagnation, possible extra terrestrial impacts, climate change
, cinder cones - ANSWER-mafic, explosive, layers of pyroclastic ejecta, frequent
eruptions
Cold Oysters Sometimes Die Calmly Patiently Then Just Cave ¿Por Que? - ANSWER-
Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic,
Cretaceous Paleogene, Quaternary
comet showmaker levy-9 prompted what hypothesis? - ANSWER-sudden geological
changes arise from asteroid strikes and asteroid strikes are common over geological
time periods
comets - ANSWER-chunks of rock mixed with ice, 'dirty snowballs', commonly around
15km in diameter, comets, comets come from the Oort Cloud and Kuiper Belt
complex craters are much bigger than what? - ANSWER-the impactor
compressibility - ANSWER-able to be squeezed or expanded so that the mass fills less
or more space; results in a change of density (mass/volume) of the object, because of
the volume change
condensation does 3 things - ANSWER-releases sensible heat into storms, reduces the
humidity down to the equilibrium value, produces or increases liquid cloud drops
constructive interference - ANSWER-crests line up with crests and troughs line up with
troughs, bigger waves, high energy packet
continuity concept - ANSWER-air molecules tend to spread themselves smoothly and
evenly, they don't leave any gaps, air is continuous
cross-cutting - ANSWER-if it cuts through it is probably younger
DART Buoy System - ANSWER-Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami
- measures pressure changes on seafloor caused by tsunami
- verifies tsunami exists
-communicates info to warning centres
define aa lava - ANSWER-a lava flow with a rough, blocky surface; slower-flowing, more
viscous
define angle of response - ANSWER-steepest angle a slope can maintain without
collapsing, the exact angle varies depending on material
define asthenosphere - ANSWER-almost melting, still solid (less than 5% melted), very
ductile, NOT brittle
