MEDSURGl Certificationl Examl VERSIONl
2l (NEWl 2025/l 2026l Update)l Questionsl &l
Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl
(Verifiedl Solutions)
QUESTION
Whichl ofl thel followingl statementsl madel byl al patientl withl hepatitisl Cl indicatesl thel
needl forl furtherl teaching?l
A.l "Hepatitisl Cl isl transmittedl parenterally."
B.l "Il aml atl higherl riskl forl hepatitisl B."
C.l "Hepatitisl Cl canl bel fatal."
D.l "Myl hepatitisl Cl canl bel cured."
Answer:
l "Il aml atl higherl riskl nowl forl hepatitisl B."
Rationale:l Hepatitisl Cl virusl (HCV)l canl causel bothl acutel andl chronicl hepatitis.l Thel
acutel processl isl self-limited,l rarelyl causesl hepaticl failure,l andl usuallyl leadsl tol chronicl
infection.l Chronicl HCVl infectionl oftenl followsl al progressivel coursel overl manyl yearsl
andl canl ultimatelyl resultl inl cirrhosis,l hepaticl cancer,l andl thel needl forl liverl
transplantation.l Antivirall therapyl mayl bel usedl forl thel treatmentl ofl chronicl disease,l andl
HCVl isl curablel inl upl tol 95%l ofl cases.
Transmissionl ofl HCVl isl primarilyl throughl exposurel tol infectedl bloodl vial needles,l
syringes,l blood,l andl bloodl productsl (parenterally).l HCVl isl responsiblel forl asl muchl asl
70%l ofl post-transfusionl hepatitisl andl hepatitisl inl hemophiliacs.l HCVl hasl al slowl onset,l
andl whilel itl doesl notl increasel thel riskl ofl hepatitisl Bl virusl (HBV),l HCV-infectedl
patientsl shouldl alsol bel testedl forl HBVl andl humanl immunodeficiencyl virusl (HIV)l givenl
thel commonl modesl ofl transmissionl andl thel associationl ofl thesel coinfectionsl withl morel
rapidl diseasel progression.l Therel isl nol prophylaxisl orl vaccinesl availablel forl immunity,l
andl HCVl canl bel fatall ifl leftl untreated.
QUESTION
Whichl ofl thel followingl correctlyl definesl galactorrhea?l
A.l Milkyl dischargel froml thel nipplesl thatl isl unrelatedl tol breast-feeding
B.l Oversecretionl ofl onel orl morel ofl thel anteriorl pituitaryl glandl hormones
C.l Heavy,l constantl menstruall bleeding
D.l Constantl productionl ofl tearsl unrelatedl tol emotionl orl irritationl ofl thel eyes
,Answer:
l Milkyl dischargel froml thel nipplesl thatl isl unrelatedl tol breast-feeding
Rationale:l Galactorrheal isl milkyl dischargel froml thel nipplesl thatl isl unrelatedl tol breast-
feedingl andl isl normallyl duel tol anl excessl ofl prolactin.l Heavy,l constantl menstruall
bleedingl isl calledl menorrhagia.l Constantl productionl ofl tearsl unrelatedl tol emotionl orl
irritationl ofl thel eyesl isl epiphora.l Oversecretionl ofl onel orl morel ofl thel anteriorl pituitaryl
glandl hormonesl isl hyperpituitarism.
QUESTION
Whichl ofl thel followingl isl leastl likelyl tol increasel al patient'sl riskl ofl developingl
osteoporosis?l
A.l Eatingl disorders
B.l Hypoparathyroidism
C.l Highl caffeinel intake
D.l Increasedl age
Answer:
l Hypoparathyroidism
Rationale:l Osteoporosisl isl al diseasel inl whichl bonel massl isl reduced.l Hypoparathyroidisml
decreasesl bonel reabsorption,l reducingl thel riskl ofl osteoporosis.l Hyperparathyroidisml
would,l conversely,l increasel bonel reabsorption,l increasingl thel riskl ofl osteoporosis.l
Increasedl age,l eatingl disorders,l andl highl caffeinel intakel arel alll potentiall riskl factorsl forl
developingl osteoporosis.
QUESTION
Whichl ofl thel followingl isl notl al complicationl ofl benignl prostaticl hypertrophyl (BPH)?l
A.l Pyelonephritis
B.l Bladderl calculi
C.l Urinaryl retention
D.l Glomerulonephritis
Answer:
l Glomerulonephritis
Rationale:l Glomerulonephritisl isl inflammationl ofl thel glomerulil andl isl notl causedl byl
infectionsl orl changesl inl thel urinaryl tract.
,BPHl doesl causel increasedl riskl ofl urinaryl tractl infectionsl (UTIs)l duel tol urinaryl
retention.l Thisl increasesl thel riskl ofl pyelonephritis.l Urinaryl retentionl alsol increasesl thel
riskl ofl bladderl calculi.
QUESTION
Whenl consideringl thel outputl ofl al patientl whosel intakesl andl outputsl arel beingl closelyl
monitored,l thel med/surgl nursel understandsl thatl insensiblel fluidl lossl throughl thel
respiratoryl systeml occurs.l Howl muchl fluidl isl normallyl lostl throughl thel respiratoryl
systeml inl al 24l hourl period?l
A.l 300l mL
B.l 100l mL
C.l 20l mL
D.l 800l mL
Answer:
l 300l ml
Rationale:l Insensiblel fluidl lossl froml thel respiratoryl systeml willl varyl basedl onl al varietyl
ofl factors,l butl willl bel approximatelyl 300l mll inl al 24-hourl period.l Whilel therel mayl bel
variationsl inl thisl amount,l butl significantl variationsl arel abnormal.
QUESTION
Youl arel completingl dischargel instructionsl withl al patientl whol hasl beenl treatedl forl
hepatitisl A.l Inl yourl dischargel teaching,l youl shouldl includel alll ofl thel followingl except:
A.l Thel patientl isl atl highl riskl forl developingl hepaticl cancer
B.l Compliancel withl thel treatmentl planl isl necessaryl tol preventl exacerbations;l relapsel
canl andl dosel occasionallyl occur
C.l Hepatitisl Al usuallyl resolvesl withl nol residuall problems
D.l Thel patientl shouldl neverl donatel blood
Answer:
l Thel patientl isl atl highl riskl forl developingl hepaticl cancer
Rationale:l Hepatitisl Al doesl notl placel thel patientl atl highl riskl forl thel futurel
developmentl ofl hepaticl cancer.
Dischargel instructionsl forl hepatitisl Al shouldl includel educatingl thel patientl onl thel
followingl points:
-Thel patientl shouldl neverl donatel blood
-Acutel hepatitisl usuallyl resolvesl withl goodl healingl andl nol residuall problems
, -Compliancel withl thel treatmentl planl isl necessaryl tol preventl exacerbationsl (relapsel canl
andl doesl occurl inl aboutl 5%l ofl casesl ofl acutel hepatitis)
QUESTION
Al patientl whol hasl nephrolithiasisl isl foundl tol havel al singlel stonel measuringl 3mml inl
diameter.l Thel nursel understandsl thatl whichl ofl thel followingl isl mostl likelyl tol bel true?l
A.l Surgicall interventionl willl likelyl bel necessaryl forl thisl patient
B.l Thel stonel willl likelyl passl withl conservativel management
C.l Planningl shouldl beginl forl extracoporeall shockl wavel lithotripsy
D.l Thel stonel couldl passl onl itsl own,l butl al cystoscopel willl probablyl bel necessaryl tol
facilitatel passagel ofl thel stone
Answer:
l Thel stonel willl likelyl passl withl conservativel management.
Rationale:l Stonesl thatl arel lessl thanl 5mml willl typicallyl passl onl theirl ownl withoutl anyl
interventionsl beyondl conservativel management,l asl longl asl thel painl canl bel managedl andl
orall hydrationl isl possible.l Otherl interventionsl arel notl likelyl tol bel necessaryl forl al stonel
thisl small.
QUESTION
Youl arel caringl forl al patientl whol complainsl ofl jointl problemsl whol isl experiencingl
decreasedl rangel ofl motion,l bilaterall jointl deformityl thatl isl symmetrical,l andl
inflammation,l warmth,l andl painl inl thel affectedl joints.l Thel patientl hasl nol otherl
symptoms.l Whichl ofl thel followingl conditionsl shouldl bel consideredl first?l
A.l Bonel neoplasms
B.l Systemicl lupusl erythematosusl (SLE)
C.l Rheumatoidl arthritis
D.l Osteoarthritis
Answer:
l Rheumatoidl arthritis
Rationale:l Rheumatoidl arthritisl isl anl inflammatoryl jointl conditionl thatl isl causedl byl
autoimmunel dysfunction.
SLEl mayl causel thesel symptomsl but,l becausel therel arel nol otherl symptomsl beyondl
exclusively,l thel joint-relatedl inflammation,l SLEl shouldl notl bel consideredl first.l
Osteoarthritisl isl notl symmetricall andl isl notl associatedl withl inflammationl inl thel joints.l
Bonel neoplasmsl dol notl primarilyl affectl thel joints.
2l (NEWl 2025/l 2026l Update)l Questionsl &l
Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl
(Verifiedl Solutions)
QUESTION
Whichl ofl thel followingl statementsl madel byl al patientl withl hepatitisl Cl indicatesl thel
needl forl furtherl teaching?l
A.l "Hepatitisl Cl isl transmittedl parenterally."
B.l "Il aml atl higherl riskl forl hepatitisl B."
C.l "Hepatitisl Cl canl bel fatal."
D.l "Myl hepatitisl Cl canl bel cured."
Answer:
l "Il aml atl higherl riskl nowl forl hepatitisl B."
Rationale:l Hepatitisl Cl virusl (HCV)l canl causel bothl acutel andl chronicl hepatitis.l Thel
acutel processl isl self-limited,l rarelyl causesl hepaticl failure,l andl usuallyl leadsl tol chronicl
infection.l Chronicl HCVl infectionl oftenl followsl al progressivel coursel overl manyl yearsl
andl canl ultimatelyl resultl inl cirrhosis,l hepaticl cancer,l andl thel needl forl liverl
transplantation.l Antivirall therapyl mayl bel usedl forl thel treatmentl ofl chronicl disease,l andl
HCVl isl curablel inl upl tol 95%l ofl cases.
Transmissionl ofl HCVl isl primarilyl throughl exposurel tol infectedl bloodl vial needles,l
syringes,l blood,l andl bloodl productsl (parenterally).l HCVl isl responsiblel forl asl muchl asl
70%l ofl post-transfusionl hepatitisl andl hepatitisl inl hemophiliacs.l HCVl hasl al slowl onset,l
andl whilel itl doesl notl increasel thel riskl ofl hepatitisl Bl virusl (HBV),l HCV-infectedl
patientsl shouldl alsol bel testedl forl HBVl andl humanl immunodeficiencyl virusl (HIV)l givenl
thel commonl modesl ofl transmissionl andl thel associationl ofl thesel coinfectionsl withl morel
rapidl diseasel progression.l Therel isl nol prophylaxisl orl vaccinesl availablel forl immunity,l
andl HCVl canl bel fatall ifl leftl untreated.
QUESTION
Whichl ofl thel followingl correctlyl definesl galactorrhea?l
A.l Milkyl dischargel froml thel nipplesl thatl isl unrelatedl tol breast-feeding
B.l Oversecretionl ofl onel orl morel ofl thel anteriorl pituitaryl glandl hormones
C.l Heavy,l constantl menstruall bleeding
D.l Constantl productionl ofl tearsl unrelatedl tol emotionl orl irritationl ofl thel eyes
,Answer:
l Milkyl dischargel froml thel nipplesl thatl isl unrelatedl tol breast-feeding
Rationale:l Galactorrheal isl milkyl dischargel froml thel nipplesl thatl isl unrelatedl tol breast-
feedingl andl isl normallyl duel tol anl excessl ofl prolactin.l Heavy,l constantl menstruall
bleedingl isl calledl menorrhagia.l Constantl productionl ofl tearsl unrelatedl tol emotionl orl
irritationl ofl thel eyesl isl epiphora.l Oversecretionl ofl onel orl morel ofl thel anteriorl pituitaryl
glandl hormonesl isl hyperpituitarism.
QUESTION
Whichl ofl thel followingl isl leastl likelyl tol increasel al patient'sl riskl ofl developingl
osteoporosis?l
A.l Eatingl disorders
B.l Hypoparathyroidism
C.l Highl caffeinel intake
D.l Increasedl age
Answer:
l Hypoparathyroidism
Rationale:l Osteoporosisl isl al diseasel inl whichl bonel massl isl reduced.l Hypoparathyroidisml
decreasesl bonel reabsorption,l reducingl thel riskl ofl osteoporosis.l Hyperparathyroidisml
would,l conversely,l increasel bonel reabsorption,l increasingl thel riskl ofl osteoporosis.l
Increasedl age,l eatingl disorders,l andl highl caffeinel intakel arel alll potentiall riskl factorsl forl
developingl osteoporosis.
QUESTION
Whichl ofl thel followingl isl notl al complicationl ofl benignl prostaticl hypertrophyl (BPH)?l
A.l Pyelonephritis
B.l Bladderl calculi
C.l Urinaryl retention
D.l Glomerulonephritis
Answer:
l Glomerulonephritis
Rationale:l Glomerulonephritisl isl inflammationl ofl thel glomerulil andl isl notl causedl byl
infectionsl orl changesl inl thel urinaryl tract.
,BPHl doesl causel increasedl riskl ofl urinaryl tractl infectionsl (UTIs)l duel tol urinaryl
retention.l Thisl increasesl thel riskl ofl pyelonephritis.l Urinaryl retentionl alsol increasesl thel
riskl ofl bladderl calculi.
QUESTION
Whenl consideringl thel outputl ofl al patientl whosel intakesl andl outputsl arel beingl closelyl
monitored,l thel med/surgl nursel understandsl thatl insensiblel fluidl lossl throughl thel
respiratoryl systeml occurs.l Howl muchl fluidl isl normallyl lostl throughl thel respiratoryl
systeml inl al 24l hourl period?l
A.l 300l mL
B.l 100l mL
C.l 20l mL
D.l 800l mL
Answer:
l 300l ml
Rationale:l Insensiblel fluidl lossl froml thel respiratoryl systeml willl varyl basedl onl al varietyl
ofl factors,l butl willl bel approximatelyl 300l mll inl al 24-hourl period.l Whilel therel mayl bel
variationsl inl thisl amount,l butl significantl variationsl arel abnormal.
QUESTION
Youl arel completingl dischargel instructionsl withl al patientl whol hasl beenl treatedl forl
hepatitisl A.l Inl yourl dischargel teaching,l youl shouldl includel alll ofl thel followingl except:
A.l Thel patientl isl atl highl riskl forl developingl hepaticl cancer
B.l Compliancel withl thel treatmentl planl isl necessaryl tol preventl exacerbations;l relapsel
canl andl dosel occasionallyl occur
C.l Hepatitisl Al usuallyl resolvesl withl nol residuall problems
D.l Thel patientl shouldl neverl donatel blood
Answer:
l Thel patientl isl atl highl riskl forl developingl hepaticl cancer
Rationale:l Hepatitisl Al doesl notl placel thel patientl atl highl riskl forl thel futurel
developmentl ofl hepaticl cancer.
Dischargel instructionsl forl hepatitisl Al shouldl includel educatingl thel patientl onl thel
followingl points:
-Thel patientl shouldl neverl donatel blood
-Acutel hepatitisl usuallyl resolvesl withl goodl healingl andl nol residuall problems
, -Compliancel withl thel treatmentl planl isl necessaryl tol preventl exacerbationsl (relapsel canl
andl doesl occurl inl aboutl 5%l ofl casesl ofl acutel hepatitis)
QUESTION
Al patientl whol hasl nephrolithiasisl isl foundl tol havel al singlel stonel measuringl 3mml inl
diameter.l Thel nursel understandsl thatl whichl ofl thel followingl isl mostl likelyl tol bel true?l
A.l Surgicall interventionl willl likelyl bel necessaryl forl thisl patient
B.l Thel stonel willl likelyl passl withl conservativel management
C.l Planningl shouldl beginl forl extracoporeall shockl wavel lithotripsy
D.l Thel stonel couldl passl onl itsl own,l butl al cystoscopel willl probablyl bel necessaryl tol
facilitatel passagel ofl thel stone
Answer:
l Thel stonel willl likelyl passl withl conservativel management.
Rationale:l Stonesl thatl arel lessl thanl 5mml willl typicallyl passl onl theirl ownl withoutl anyl
interventionsl beyondl conservativel management,l asl longl asl thel painl canl bel managedl andl
orall hydrationl isl possible.l Otherl interventionsl arel notl likelyl tol bel necessaryl forl al stonel
thisl small.
QUESTION
Youl arel caringl forl al patientl whol complainsl ofl jointl problemsl whol isl experiencingl
decreasedl rangel ofl motion,l bilaterall jointl deformityl thatl isl symmetrical,l andl
inflammation,l warmth,l andl painl inl thel affectedl joints.l Thel patientl hasl nol otherl
symptoms.l Whichl ofl thel followingl conditionsl shouldl bel consideredl first?l
A.l Bonel neoplasms
B.l Systemicl lupusl erythematosusl (SLE)
C.l Rheumatoidl arthritis
D.l Osteoarthritis
Answer:
l Rheumatoidl arthritis
Rationale:l Rheumatoidl arthritisl isl anl inflammatoryl jointl conditionl thatl isl causedl byl
autoimmunel dysfunction.
SLEl mayl causel thesel symptomsl but,l becausel therel arel nol otherl symptomsl beyondl
exclusively,l thel joint-relatedl inflammation,l SLEl shouldl notl bel consideredl first.l
Osteoarthritisl isl notl symmetricall andl isl notl associatedl withl inflammationl inl thel joints.l
Bonel neoplasmsl dol notl primarilyl affectl thel joints.
