MEDSURGl Certificationl Examl VERSIONl
1l (NEWl 2025/l 2026l Update)l Questionsl &l
Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl
(Verifiedl Solutions)
QUESTION
Alll thel followingl arel signsl andl symptomsl indicativel ofl tuberculosisl (TB),l except:
A.l Nightl sweats
B.l Hemoptysis
C.l Chestl pain
D.l Coughl forl al minimuml ofl 4l weeks
Answer:
l l Coughl forl al minimuml ofl 4l weeks
Rationale:l TBl isl al highlyl communicablel diseasel causedl byl Mycobacteriuml tuberculosis.l
Itl commonlyl affectsl thel lungs,l andl occursl afterl repeated,l closel contactl withl al personl
infectedl withl thel bacteria.l Itl isl spreadl byl wayl ofl infectedl airbornel droplets;l afterl
infectedl dropletsl arel inhaledl intol thel terminall bronchioles,l localizedl pneumonial
develops,l initiatingl anl inflammatoryl response.l Signsl andl symptomsl includel al persistentl
coughl forl al minimuml ofl threel weeks,l weightl loss,l fever,l chills,l chestl pain,l coughingl
upl bloodl orl sputum,l andl nightl sweatsl mayl occurl inl patientsl withl activel TBl disease.l
Lungl auscultationl revealsl crackles,l pleurall effusions,l andl rhonchi.
QUESTION
Thel nursel knowsl thatl thel patientl undergoingl upperl abdominall surgeryl isl mostl likelyl tol
developl postoperativel atelectasisl inl thel first:
A.l 24l tol 48l hoursl afterl surgery
B.l 12l tol 24l hoursl afterl surgery
C.l 48l tol 72l hoursl afterl surgery
D.l 8l tol 12l hoursl afterl surgery
Answer:
l l 24l tol 48l hoursl afterl surgery
Rationale:l Atelectasisl isl definedl asl clustersl ofl alveolil thatl arel notl aerated;l al partiall orl
totall collapsel ofl thel functioningl alveoli.l Surgery,l particularlyl thoracicl andl upperl
abdominal,l posesl al majorl riskl ofl atelectasisl asl thel patientl generallyl mustl remainl
,primarilyl onl bedrestl whilel healingl occurs.l Thel longerl thel patientl hasl tol stayl inl bed,l
thel greaterl thel risk.l Asl al result,l atelectasisl isl al commonl complicationl ofl surgeryl thatl
canl occurl 24l tol 48l hoursl postoperatively.
Thel postoperativel patientl shouldl bel encouragedl tol coughl andl breathel deeplyl tol
maximizel lungl expansionl whilel recoveringl froml surgery.l Usel ofl anl incentivel spirometerl
hourlyl afterl surgeryl isl beneficial,l asl well.
QUESTION
Thel nursel isl caringl forl al patientl withl asthmal whol isl takingl vitaminl El supplementsl tol
reducel inflammationl andl oxidativel stressl markers.l Thel nursel encouragesl thel patientl tol
increasel hisl intakel ofl foodsl thatl arel richl inl Vitaminl El asl well.l Thel nursel teachesl thisl
patientl thatl excellentl foodl sourcesl ofl vitaminl El are:
A.l Fishl andl fruitl jams
B.l Leafyl greenl vegetablesl andl nuts/seeds
C.l Orangesl andl grapefruit
D.l Carrotsl andl potatoes
Answer:
l l Leafyl greenl vegetablesl andl nuts/seeds
Rationale:l Vitaminl El isl anl antioxidant,l thusl helpingl tol inhibitl oxidativel stressl andl
reducel inflammation.l Itl hasl beenl shownl thatl patientsl withl asthmal benefitl froml vitaminl
E.l Inl additionl tol supplementation,l thel patientl canl includel foodsl thatl arel richl inl vitaminl
E,l includingl wheatl germ,l corn,l nutsl (almondsl andl hazelnuts),l seedsl (sunflower),l olives,l
spinach,l asparagus,l avocado,l andl otherl greenl leafyl vegetables.
QUESTION
Thel nursel isl caringl forl al patientl withl HIVl whol hasl developedl anl opportunisticl
infection,l Pneumocystisl jirovecil pneumonial (PCP).l Keyl nursingl interventionsl includel alll
thel following,l except:
A.l Limitl activityl andl encouragel restl periods
B.l Administerl oxygenl andl anl analgesic,l asl needed
C.l Administerl antivirall agentsl tol eradicatel thel infectingl organism
D.l Teachl effectivel coughingl andl deepl breathing
Answer:
l l Administerl antivirall agentsl tol eradicatel thel infectingl organism
Rationale:l PCPl commonlyl resultsl froml al fungall infectionl ofl P.l jirovecil inl anl
immunocompromisedl patient.l PCPl isl onel ofl thel mostl frequentl andl severel opportunisticl
,infectionsl inl patientsl withl weakenedl immunel systems,l particularlyl thosel withl HIVl orl
AIDS.l Itsl onsetl isl abruptl andl mayl bel al flareupl ofl al latentl disease.l Itsl signsl andl
symptomsl mayl includel cracklesl overl thel affectedl areas,l cyanosis,l dyspneal orl tachypnea,l
fever,l hypoxemia,l irritabilityl orl restlessness,l andl dryl nonproductivel cough.
Thel drugsl ofl choicel forl treatingl thisl typel ofl pneumonial arel pentamidinel isethionatel
(Nebupent,l Pentam),l anl inhaledl antibiotic,l andl co-trimoxazolel (alsol knownl asl
sulfamethoxazole-trimethorprim)l (Bactrim,l Septra;l TMP-SMX).l Pneumonial isl treatedl withl
antibioticsl (notl antivirals)l tol eradicatel thel infectingl organism.
Thel otherl answerl choicesl arel appropriatel interventions.
QUESTION
Al patientl withl al diagnosisl ofl Hodgkin'sl lymphomal isl undergoingl anl excisionall cervicall
lymphl nodel biopsyl underl generall anesthesia.l Afterl thel procedure,l thel nursel shouldl
assessl whichl ofl thel followingl first?l
A.l Thel patient'sl incision
B.l Thel patient'sl neurologicl status
C.l Thel patient'sl vitall signs
D.l Thel patient'sl airway
Answer:
l l Thel patient'sl airway
Rationale:l Assessingl forl anl openl airwayl isl alwaysl first.l Rememberl thel ABCsl whenl
prioritizingl nursingl care:l airway,l breathing,l circulation.l Sincel thel procedurel involvedl thel
neckl area,l thel anesthesial mayl havel affectedl thel swallowingl reflex,l orl thel inflammationl
mayl havel tightenedl thel airwayl spacel (leadingl tol ineffectivel airl exchange).
Oncel al patentl airwayl andl effectivel breathingl statusl hasl beenl establishedl inl thisl patient,l
thel nursel canl safelyl movel ontol assessingl circulatoryl status,l vitall signs,l andl incision.l
Neurologicl assessmentl isl completedl asl soonl asl possiblel afterl otherl importantl
assessments.
QUESTION
Thel nursel isl admittingl al patientl withl suspectedl rheumaticl endocarditis.l Thel nursel
shouldl checkl thel patient'sl medicall historyl forl whichl typel ofl infectionl oftenl associatedl
withl thisl condition?l
A.l Hepatitisl Bl infection
B.l Yeastl infection
C.l Streptococcall infection
D.l Virall infection
, Answer:
l l Streptococcall infection
Rationale:l Rheumaticl endocarditisl isl anl inflammationl ofl thel endocardiuml
andl isl al majorl indicatorl ofl rheumaticl fever,l whichl isl al complicationl ofl infectionl withl
groupl Al beta-hemolyticl streptococcall infections.l Itl isl frequentlyl triggeredl byl
streptococcall pharyngitis.
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel mostl commonl causativel organisml forl anl uncomplicatedl urinaryl tractl
infectionl (UTI)?l
A.l Klebsiella
B.l Escherichial coli
C.l Staphylococcusl aureus
D.l Chlamydial trachomatis
Answer:
l l Escherichial coli
Rationale:l Urinaryl tractl infectionl isl al generall terml usedl tol describel infectionsl ofl thel
upperl andl lowerl urinaryl tract;l upperl UTIsl affectl thel kidneys,l whereasl lowerl UTIsl
affectl thel urinaryl bladderl (cystits)l andl urethral (urethritis).l Theyl arel thel mostl commonl
bacteriall infectionsl inl alll patientsl andl arel al significantl sourcel ofl morbidity;l theyl arel
morel commonl inl womenl thanl inl men,l andl theyl increasel inl frequencyl withl age.
Whilel alll ofl thesel organismsl mayl causel uncomplicatedl UTIs,l E.l colil causesl mostl
bacteriall UTIs,l byl far.
QUESTION
Thel nursel isl performingl al head-to-toel assessmentl onl al patientl withl al diagnosisl ofl
multiplel sclerosisl (MS).l Duringl thel assessment,l thel patientl reportsl numbness,l tingling,l
andl burningl inl hisl neckl whenl hel flexesl it.
Thel nursel wouldl reportl tol thel doctorl thatl thisl patientl isl experiencing:
A.l Homan'sl sign
B.l Uhthoff'sl sign
C.l Romberg'sl sign
D.l Lhermitte'sl sign
Answer:
l l Lhermitte'sl sign
1l (NEWl 2025/l 2026l Update)l Questionsl &l
Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl
(Verifiedl Solutions)
QUESTION
Alll thel followingl arel signsl andl symptomsl indicativel ofl tuberculosisl (TB),l except:
A.l Nightl sweats
B.l Hemoptysis
C.l Chestl pain
D.l Coughl forl al minimuml ofl 4l weeks
Answer:
l l Coughl forl al minimuml ofl 4l weeks
Rationale:l TBl isl al highlyl communicablel diseasel causedl byl Mycobacteriuml tuberculosis.l
Itl commonlyl affectsl thel lungs,l andl occursl afterl repeated,l closel contactl withl al personl
infectedl withl thel bacteria.l Itl isl spreadl byl wayl ofl infectedl airbornel droplets;l afterl
infectedl dropletsl arel inhaledl intol thel terminall bronchioles,l localizedl pneumonial
develops,l initiatingl anl inflammatoryl response.l Signsl andl symptomsl includel al persistentl
coughl forl al minimuml ofl threel weeks,l weightl loss,l fever,l chills,l chestl pain,l coughingl
upl bloodl orl sputum,l andl nightl sweatsl mayl occurl inl patientsl withl activel TBl disease.l
Lungl auscultationl revealsl crackles,l pleurall effusions,l andl rhonchi.
QUESTION
Thel nursel knowsl thatl thel patientl undergoingl upperl abdominall surgeryl isl mostl likelyl tol
developl postoperativel atelectasisl inl thel first:
A.l 24l tol 48l hoursl afterl surgery
B.l 12l tol 24l hoursl afterl surgery
C.l 48l tol 72l hoursl afterl surgery
D.l 8l tol 12l hoursl afterl surgery
Answer:
l l 24l tol 48l hoursl afterl surgery
Rationale:l Atelectasisl isl definedl asl clustersl ofl alveolil thatl arel notl aerated;l al partiall orl
totall collapsel ofl thel functioningl alveoli.l Surgery,l particularlyl thoracicl andl upperl
abdominal,l posesl al majorl riskl ofl atelectasisl asl thel patientl generallyl mustl remainl
,primarilyl onl bedrestl whilel healingl occurs.l Thel longerl thel patientl hasl tol stayl inl bed,l
thel greaterl thel risk.l Asl al result,l atelectasisl isl al commonl complicationl ofl surgeryl thatl
canl occurl 24l tol 48l hoursl postoperatively.
Thel postoperativel patientl shouldl bel encouragedl tol coughl andl breathel deeplyl tol
maximizel lungl expansionl whilel recoveringl froml surgery.l Usel ofl anl incentivel spirometerl
hourlyl afterl surgeryl isl beneficial,l asl well.
QUESTION
Thel nursel isl caringl forl al patientl withl asthmal whol isl takingl vitaminl El supplementsl tol
reducel inflammationl andl oxidativel stressl markers.l Thel nursel encouragesl thel patientl tol
increasel hisl intakel ofl foodsl thatl arel richl inl Vitaminl El asl well.l Thel nursel teachesl thisl
patientl thatl excellentl foodl sourcesl ofl vitaminl El are:
A.l Fishl andl fruitl jams
B.l Leafyl greenl vegetablesl andl nuts/seeds
C.l Orangesl andl grapefruit
D.l Carrotsl andl potatoes
Answer:
l l Leafyl greenl vegetablesl andl nuts/seeds
Rationale:l Vitaminl El isl anl antioxidant,l thusl helpingl tol inhibitl oxidativel stressl andl
reducel inflammation.l Itl hasl beenl shownl thatl patientsl withl asthmal benefitl froml vitaminl
E.l Inl additionl tol supplementation,l thel patientl canl includel foodsl thatl arel richl inl vitaminl
E,l includingl wheatl germ,l corn,l nutsl (almondsl andl hazelnuts),l seedsl (sunflower),l olives,l
spinach,l asparagus,l avocado,l andl otherl greenl leafyl vegetables.
QUESTION
Thel nursel isl caringl forl al patientl withl HIVl whol hasl developedl anl opportunisticl
infection,l Pneumocystisl jirovecil pneumonial (PCP).l Keyl nursingl interventionsl includel alll
thel following,l except:
A.l Limitl activityl andl encouragel restl periods
B.l Administerl oxygenl andl anl analgesic,l asl needed
C.l Administerl antivirall agentsl tol eradicatel thel infectingl organism
D.l Teachl effectivel coughingl andl deepl breathing
Answer:
l l Administerl antivirall agentsl tol eradicatel thel infectingl organism
Rationale:l PCPl commonlyl resultsl froml al fungall infectionl ofl P.l jirovecil inl anl
immunocompromisedl patient.l PCPl isl onel ofl thel mostl frequentl andl severel opportunisticl
,infectionsl inl patientsl withl weakenedl immunel systems,l particularlyl thosel withl HIVl orl
AIDS.l Itsl onsetl isl abruptl andl mayl bel al flareupl ofl al latentl disease.l Itsl signsl andl
symptomsl mayl includel cracklesl overl thel affectedl areas,l cyanosis,l dyspneal orl tachypnea,l
fever,l hypoxemia,l irritabilityl orl restlessness,l andl dryl nonproductivel cough.
Thel drugsl ofl choicel forl treatingl thisl typel ofl pneumonial arel pentamidinel isethionatel
(Nebupent,l Pentam),l anl inhaledl antibiotic,l andl co-trimoxazolel (alsol knownl asl
sulfamethoxazole-trimethorprim)l (Bactrim,l Septra;l TMP-SMX).l Pneumonial isl treatedl withl
antibioticsl (notl antivirals)l tol eradicatel thel infectingl organism.
Thel otherl answerl choicesl arel appropriatel interventions.
QUESTION
Al patientl withl al diagnosisl ofl Hodgkin'sl lymphomal isl undergoingl anl excisionall cervicall
lymphl nodel biopsyl underl generall anesthesia.l Afterl thel procedure,l thel nursel shouldl
assessl whichl ofl thel followingl first?l
A.l Thel patient'sl incision
B.l Thel patient'sl neurologicl status
C.l Thel patient'sl vitall signs
D.l Thel patient'sl airway
Answer:
l l Thel patient'sl airway
Rationale:l Assessingl forl anl openl airwayl isl alwaysl first.l Rememberl thel ABCsl whenl
prioritizingl nursingl care:l airway,l breathing,l circulation.l Sincel thel procedurel involvedl thel
neckl area,l thel anesthesial mayl havel affectedl thel swallowingl reflex,l orl thel inflammationl
mayl havel tightenedl thel airwayl spacel (leadingl tol ineffectivel airl exchange).
Oncel al patentl airwayl andl effectivel breathingl statusl hasl beenl establishedl inl thisl patient,l
thel nursel canl safelyl movel ontol assessingl circulatoryl status,l vitall signs,l andl incision.l
Neurologicl assessmentl isl completedl asl soonl asl possiblel afterl otherl importantl
assessments.
QUESTION
Thel nursel isl admittingl al patientl withl suspectedl rheumaticl endocarditis.l Thel nursel
shouldl checkl thel patient'sl medicall historyl forl whichl typel ofl infectionl oftenl associatedl
withl thisl condition?l
A.l Hepatitisl Bl infection
B.l Yeastl infection
C.l Streptococcall infection
D.l Virall infection
, Answer:
l l Streptococcall infection
Rationale:l Rheumaticl endocarditisl isl anl inflammationl ofl thel endocardiuml
andl isl al majorl indicatorl ofl rheumaticl fever,l whichl isl al complicationl ofl infectionl withl
groupl Al beta-hemolyticl streptococcall infections.l Itl isl frequentlyl triggeredl byl
streptococcall pharyngitis.
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel mostl commonl causativel organisml forl anl uncomplicatedl urinaryl tractl
infectionl (UTI)?l
A.l Klebsiella
B.l Escherichial coli
C.l Staphylococcusl aureus
D.l Chlamydial trachomatis
Answer:
l l Escherichial coli
Rationale:l Urinaryl tractl infectionl isl al generall terml usedl tol describel infectionsl ofl thel
upperl andl lowerl urinaryl tract;l upperl UTIsl affectl thel kidneys,l whereasl lowerl UTIsl
affectl thel urinaryl bladderl (cystits)l andl urethral (urethritis).l Theyl arel thel mostl commonl
bacteriall infectionsl inl alll patientsl andl arel al significantl sourcel ofl morbidity;l theyl arel
morel commonl inl womenl thanl inl men,l andl theyl increasel inl frequencyl withl age.
Whilel alll ofl thesel organismsl mayl causel uncomplicatedl UTIs,l E.l colil causesl mostl
bacteriall UTIs,l byl far.
QUESTION
Thel nursel isl performingl al head-to-toel assessmentl onl al patientl withl al diagnosisl ofl
multiplel sclerosisl (MS).l Duringl thel assessment,l thel patientl reportsl numbness,l tingling,l
andl burningl inl hisl neckl whenl hel flexesl it.
Thel nursel wouldl reportl tol thel doctorl thatl thisl patientl isl experiencing:
A.l Homan'sl sign
B.l Uhthoff'sl sign
C.l Romberg'sl sign
D.l Lhermitte'sl sign
Answer:
l l Lhermitte'sl sign
