FLORIDA AQUATIC PEST CONTROL (ACTUAL 2025/2026) EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
What are the three families of monocots? - ----Answers---
Grasses, sedges and rushes
Grasses - ----Answers---Have hallow , cylindrical stems with
swollen joints (nodes) at intervals and leaves that arise at the
nodes in two ranks
Sedges - ----Answers---Have solid stems, often triangular,
and leaves in three ranks
Rushes - ----Answers---Have solid round stems and flowers
that have two rings of small, brown scale-like structures
similar to petals
What are the aquatic plant growth habits? - ----Answers---
Submersed plants, emersed plants, floating plants and floating
leaf plants
Water fern ( Salvinia minima) - ----Answers---Nonnative
floating plant with paired rounded fronds that have stiff,
branched hairs on the upper surface, 3/4 in acrss and thin
root-like fronds hang beneath
,Giant water fern ( Salvinia molesta) - ----Answers---
Nonnative floating plant with thin root-like fronds that hang
beneath the water , hairs on the upper leaf surfaces are fused
at the top compared to being spread open on water fern
Mosquito fern ( Azolla caroliniana) - ----Answers---native
small flowering plant composed of tiny, closely overlapping
fronds , may be green, brownish-red or red, entire plant is
less than 1/2 inch across and roots hang beneath
Torpedograss ( Panicum repens) - ----Answers---invasive
emersed, perennial grass, grows extensive rhizomes, leaves
rolled and have fine hairs on upper surface, ring of fine hairs
at the base of leaf, seedheads are branched sharply upwards
and flowers are attached individually along branches,
inflorescense open
Maidencane ( Panicum hemitomon) - ----Answers---native
emersed perennial grass forms extensive rhizomes,
submersed joints of rhizomes produce feathery roots, leaves
flat, wide and smooth, seedheads narrow, spike-like branches
pressed upwards along central stalk creating tightly enclosed
inflorescence
Paragrass ( Urochloa mutica) - ----Answers---Invasive forms
stems recline and root at the nodes , leaves are flat and have
very fine hairs on upper leaf surface, presence of dense hairs
at nodes and stiff hairs along collar where leaf sheath joins
leaf blades
, Southern watergrass ( Luzioloa fluitans) - ----Answers---
Native floating on water surface or emersed , up to 1 ft tall, on
shorelines and moist soils, leaf blades thin and flat , flap of
thin white tissue 1/6in long at top of leaf sheath
Southern bulrush, giant bulrush ( Schoenoplectus californicus)
- ----Answers---native emersed, leafless, spongy, rounded ,
3-angled stems 3-10 ft tall arise from thick runners, flower
cluster occurs at tend of stem 1/2-3 inch, bristles occur on
softstem bulrush
Slender spikerush or road-grass ( Eleocharis baldwinii) - ----
Answers---native has two growth forms, occurs on moist
soils at edge of ponds, erect and leafless stems 1-4 in tall,
stems long and proliferate throughout water column, leaves
occur bladeless sheaths at stem bases, seeds germinate on
mother plant and form daughter plants
Soft rush ( Juncus effusus) - ----Answers---native occurs as
shoreline emergent plant, stems are leafless, cylindrical ,
hollow, 2-4ft tall, flowers occur at end of stem and bract ,
basal chestnut colored sheaths at base of each stem
Pickerelweed ( Pontederia cordata) - ----Answers---native
emergent shoreline perennial plant with creeping roots, about
3ft tall reach 6 ft tall, leaves tend to be clusters and have long
stalks, blades narrow or broad heart-shaped, each stem has
leaf and spike numerous violet-blue flowers
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
What are the three families of monocots? - ----Answers---
Grasses, sedges and rushes
Grasses - ----Answers---Have hallow , cylindrical stems with
swollen joints (nodes) at intervals and leaves that arise at the
nodes in two ranks
Sedges - ----Answers---Have solid stems, often triangular,
and leaves in three ranks
Rushes - ----Answers---Have solid round stems and flowers
that have two rings of small, brown scale-like structures
similar to petals
What are the aquatic plant growth habits? - ----Answers---
Submersed plants, emersed plants, floating plants and floating
leaf plants
Water fern ( Salvinia minima) - ----Answers---Nonnative
floating plant with paired rounded fronds that have stiff,
branched hairs on the upper surface, 3/4 in acrss and thin
root-like fronds hang beneath
,Giant water fern ( Salvinia molesta) - ----Answers---
Nonnative floating plant with thin root-like fronds that hang
beneath the water , hairs on the upper leaf surfaces are fused
at the top compared to being spread open on water fern
Mosquito fern ( Azolla caroliniana) - ----Answers---native
small flowering plant composed of tiny, closely overlapping
fronds , may be green, brownish-red or red, entire plant is
less than 1/2 inch across and roots hang beneath
Torpedograss ( Panicum repens) - ----Answers---invasive
emersed, perennial grass, grows extensive rhizomes, leaves
rolled and have fine hairs on upper surface, ring of fine hairs
at the base of leaf, seedheads are branched sharply upwards
and flowers are attached individually along branches,
inflorescense open
Maidencane ( Panicum hemitomon) - ----Answers---native
emersed perennial grass forms extensive rhizomes,
submersed joints of rhizomes produce feathery roots, leaves
flat, wide and smooth, seedheads narrow, spike-like branches
pressed upwards along central stalk creating tightly enclosed
inflorescence
Paragrass ( Urochloa mutica) - ----Answers---Invasive forms
stems recline and root at the nodes , leaves are flat and have
very fine hairs on upper leaf surface, presence of dense hairs
at nodes and stiff hairs along collar where leaf sheath joins
leaf blades
, Southern watergrass ( Luzioloa fluitans) - ----Answers---
Native floating on water surface or emersed , up to 1 ft tall, on
shorelines and moist soils, leaf blades thin and flat , flap of
thin white tissue 1/6in long at top of leaf sheath
Southern bulrush, giant bulrush ( Schoenoplectus californicus)
- ----Answers---native emersed, leafless, spongy, rounded ,
3-angled stems 3-10 ft tall arise from thick runners, flower
cluster occurs at tend of stem 1/2-3 inch, bristles occur on
softstem bulrush
Slender spikerush or road-grass ( Eleocharis baldwinii) - ----
Answers---native has two growth forms, occurs on moist
soils at edge of ponds, erect and leafless stems 1-4 in tall,
stems long and proliferate throughout water column, leaves
occur bladeless sheaths at stem bases, seeds germinate on
mother plant and form daughter plants
Soft rush ( Juncus effusus) - ----Answers---native occurs as
shoreline emergent plant, stems are leafless, cylindrical ,
hollow, 2-4ft tall, flowers occur at end of stem and bract ,
basal chestnut colored sheaths at base of each stem
Pickerelweed ( Pontederia cordata) - ----Answers---native
emergent shoreline perennial plant with creeping roots, about
3ft tall reach 6 ft tall, leaves tend to be clusters and have long
stalks, blades narrow or broad heart-shaped, each stem has
leaf and spike numerous violet-blue flowers
