BIOL 4310 EXAM 1 2025 WITH 100% ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS
What dimensions does environmental info consist of? -
CORRECT -1. spatial info- the 3 cardinal directions
(x, y, and z)
2. temporal info- time
What are the basic assumptions of this class? -
CORRECT -1. our brain defines who we are
2. our reality is based off our perception of the world, which is
based upon sensory systems
3. Sensory systems are defined by evolution, and have evolved
to provide us an adaptive advantage
What's a tyto alba, and what external specializations does it use
to discriminate sensory info? - CORRECT -barn
owl; facial ruff and asymmetrical ears
transduction - CORRECT -conversion of one form
of energy to another
,steps of sensory transduction - CORRECT -1. info
from environment is gathered and conditioned through external
specializations
2. transducer is activated
3. transduction cascade is activated
4. ion channels activated
5. change in ion concentration
6. change in membrane potential
7. neural signal
where does stimulus coding occur? - CORRECT -
when theres a change in membrane potential
Whats the advantage of ionotropic channels over metabotropic?
Vice versa? - CORRECT -ion channels- faster,
greater capacity for signal integration and gain control
metabotropic- allow signal amplification and other forms of
signal modulation
receptor/generator potential - CORRECT -
depolarization in primary neuron
,How is amplitude modulated? - CORRECT -
dendrites of the primary neuron
How does the intensity of a stimulus get encoded in the primary
neuron? Secondary neuron? - CORRECT -primary-
gets encoded as amplitude
secondary- encoded as frequency
what is frequency modulation? - CORRECT -digital
signaling by axons of primary and 2nd order neurons
What determines how much neurotransmitter is released? -
CORRECT -the strength of the stimulus:
higher freq- more NT released
longer duration- longer time NT is released
adaptation - CORRECT -decline of receptor
potential and thus decline of frequency of action potential with a
constant stimulus
, 4 general classes of channels - CORRECT -1. non
gated (ligand) potassium channels
2. non gated sodium channels
3. voltage gated potassium channels
4. voltage gated sodium channels
Is the activation threshold stable? - CORRECT -no
Are voltage gated channels open at rest? - CORRECT
-no
noise - CORRECT -random unwanted perturbation
to a wanted signal
whats a way to reduce noise? increase noise? -
CORRECT -reduce- CCD
increase- increasing sensory receptor molecules
What is stochastic resonance? - CORRECT -
amplification of subthreshold signals by the addition of noise
-good for rhythmic signals and oscillatory systems
SOLUTIONS
What dimensions does environmental info consist of? -
CORRECT -1. spatial info- the 3 cardinal directions
(x, y, and z)
2. temporal info- time
What are the basic assumptions of this class? -
CORRECT -1. our brain defines who we are
2. our reality is based off our perception of the world, which is
based upon sensory systems
3. Sensory systems are defined by evolution, and have evolved
to provide us an adaptive advantage
What's a tyto alba, and what external specializations does it use
to discriminate sensory info? - CORRECT -barn
owl; facial ruff and asymmetrical ears
transduction - CORRECT -conversion of one form
of energy to another
,steps of sensory transduction - CORRECT -1. info
from environment is gathered and conditioned through external
specializations
2. transducer is activated
3. transduction cascade is activated
4. ion channels activated
5. change in ion concentration
6. change in membrane potential
7. neural signal
where does stimulus coding occur? - CORRECT -
when theres a change in membrane potential
Whats the advantage of ionotropic channels over metabotropic?
Vice versa? - CORRECT -ion channels- faster,
greater capacity for signal integration and gain control
metabotropic- allow signal amplification and other forms of
signal modulation
receptor/generator potential - CORRECT -
depolarization in primary neuron
,How is amplitude modulated? - CORRECT -
dendrites of the primary neuron
How does the intensity of a stimulus get encoded in the primary
neuron? Secondary neuron? - CORRECT -primary-
gets encoded as amplitude
secondary- encoded as frequency
what is frequency modulation? - CORRECT -digital
signaling by axons of primary and 2nd order neurons
What determines how much neurotransmitter is released? -
CORRECT -the strength of the stimulus:
higher freq- more NT released
longer duration- longer time NT is released
adaptation - CORRECT -decline of receptor
potential and thus decline of frequency of action potential with a
constant stimulus
, 4 general classes of channels - CORRECT -1. non
gated (ligand) potassium channels
2. non gated sodium channels
3. voltage gated potassium channels
4. voltage gated sodium channels
Is the activation threshold stable? - CORRECT -no
Are voltage gated channels open at rest? - CORRECT
-no
noise - CORRECT -random unwanted perturbation
to a wanted signal
whats a way to reduce noise? increase noise? -
CORRECT -reduce- CCD
increase- increasing sensory receptor molecules
What is stochastic resonance? - CORRECT -
amplification of subthreshold signals by the addition of noise
-good for rhythmic signals and oscillatory systems
