NUR 3110 Study Guide Exam Questions
With Correct Answers 2025 Marking
Scheme (A+ Pass)
Cardioprotective - Answers -✔✔ includes all mechanisms and means that contribute to
the preservation of the heart by reducing or even preventing myocardial damage.
reflex tachycardia - Answers -✔✔ If blood pressure decreases, the heart beats faster in
an attempt to raise it
coronary artery disease - Answers -✔✔ The usual cause is the buildup of plaque. This
causes coronary arteries to narrow, limiting blood flow to the heart. Coronary artery
disease can range from no symptoms, to chest pain, to a heart attack. Treatments
include lifestyle changes, medications, angioplasty, and surgery.
Lipoproteins - Answers -✔✔ · Lipoproteins are particles made of protein and fats
(lipids). They contain cholesterol and triglycerides . They carry cholesterol through your
bloodstream to your cells. The two main groups of lipoproteins are called HDL (high-
density lipoprotein) or "good" cholesterol and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) or "bad"
cholesterol. HDL carries cholesterol back to your liver to be flushed out of your body.
LDL increases your risk of coronary artery disease, heart attacks and stroke. LDL
carries cholesterol that accumulates as plaque inside blood vessels. Very low-density
lipoproteins (VLDL) are another type of "bad cholesterol." VLDLs carry triglycerides —
and to a lesser degree, cholesterol — to your tissues.
Myopathy - Answers -✔✔ disease of the muscle in which the muscle fibers do not
function properly. Cardiomyopathy is a disease that affects your myocardium (heart
muscle). Cardiomyopathy can make your heart stiffen, enlarge or thicken and can cause
scar tissue. As a result, your heart can't pump blood effectively to the rest of your body.
In time, your heart can weaken and cardiomyopathy can lead to heart failure. Caused bt
CAD, diabetes, hypertension, lifestyle
Rhabdomyolysis - Answers -✔✔ A breakdown of muscle tissue that releases a
damaging protein into the blood and can cause kidney damage. S/S dark reddish urine,
muscle aches and weakness.
intracranial hemorrhage - Answers -✔✔ · also known as intracranial bleed, is bleeding
within the skull.
atrial fibrillation - Answers -✔✔ irregular heart rhythm that begins in your heart's upper
chambers (atria). Symptoms include fatigue, heart palpitations, trouble breathing and
dizziness. Afib is one of the most common arrhythmias. Risk factors include high blood
, pressure, coronary artery disease and having obesity. AFib can lead to blood clots in
the heart. The condition also increases the risk of stroke, heart failure and other heart-
related complications.
ACE inhibitors (lisinopril) Indications - Answers -✔✔ Antihypertensive, they lower high
blood pressure
ACE inhibitors MOA - Answers -✔✔ Blocks angiotensin 1 angiotensin 2 (Angiotensin is
a hormone that helps regulate your blood pressure by constricting (narrowing) blood
vessels and triggering water and salt (sodium) intake
Lisinopril Side effects/adverse effects - Answers -✔✔ nonproductive cough (can keep
people up at night, very common, makes some people not tolerate medicine), dizziness,
hyperkalemia, angioedema (facial swelling can lead to blocked airway), tachycardia,
hypotension
lisinopril Contraindications - Answers -✔✔ pregnancy , K sparing diuretics (because
hyperkalemia SE), salt substitutes with potassium (hyperkalemia)
Lisinopril Patient education - Answers -✔✔ take exactly as directed, stop if become
pregnant, don't use potassium salt, contact doctor if you experience any swelling of the
face, lips, tongue or throat or if you experience very bad dizziness or passing out
Lisinopril Nursing considerations - Answers -✔✔ African adults and older adults tend to
not respond as well to ACE inhibitor monotherapy
ARBs (-sartan, ie losartan) contraindications - Answers -✔✔ Hypertension
ARBs (-sartan, ie losartan) MOA - Answers -✔✔ Prevent release of aldosterone, block
angiotensin 2 from receptors (RAAS system is hormone system that regulates BP)
Losartan - Answers -✔✔ dizziness, hypotension, headache, hyperkalemia,
hyperglycemia
Losartan Contraindications - Answers -✔✔ may lead to hyperkalemia in patients with
renal disease or patients taking agents likely to cause hyperkalemia(K+ supplements,
K+ sparing diuretics, ACEIs, DRIs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents)
Losartan is what kind of drug - Answers -✔✔ ARB
ARB Pt Education - Answers -✔✔ ARBs are generally well-tolerated but, as with any
drug, they can cause unwanted effects, including dizziness, headache and fatigue.
These may improve after a few days. After you start the drug, you'll need another blood-
test to check your kidney function.
With Correct Answers 2025 Marking
Scheme (A+ Pass)
Cardioprotective - Answers -✔✔ includes all mechanisms and means that contribute to
the preservation of the heart by reducing or even preventing myocardial damage.
reflex tachycardia - Answers -✔✔ If blood pressure decreases, the heart beats faster in
an attempt to raise it
coronary artery disease - Answers -✔✔ The usual cause is the buildup of plaque. This
causes coronary arteries to narrow, limiting blood flow to the heart. Coronary artery
disease can range from no symptoms, to chest pain, to a heart attack. Treatments
include lifestyle changes, medications, angioplasty, and surgery.
Lipoproteins - Answers -✔✔ · Lipoproteins are particles made of protein and fats
(lipids). They contain cholesterol and triglycerides . They carry cholesterol through your
bloodstream to your cells. The two main groups of lipoproteins are called HDL (high-
density lipoprotein) or "good" cholesterol and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) or "bad"
cholesterol. HDL carries cholesterol back to your liver to be flushed out of your body.
LDL increases your risk of coronary artery disease, heart attacks and stroke. LDL
carries cholesterol that accumulates as plaque inside blood vessels. Very low-density
lipoproteins (VLDL) are another type of "bad cholesterol." VLDLs carry triglycerides —
and to a lesser degree, cholesterol — to your tissues.
Myopathy - Answers -✔✔ disease of the muscle in which the muscle fibers do not
function properly. Cardiomyopathy is a disease that affects your myocardium (heart
muscle). Cardiomyopathy can make your heart stiffen, enlarge or thicken and can cause
scar tissue. As a result, your heart can't pump blood effectively to the rest of your body.
In time, your heart can weaken and cardiomyopathy can lead to heart failure. Caused bt
CAD, diabetes, hypertension, lifestyle
Rhabdomyolysis - Answers -✔✔ A breakdown of muscle tissue that releases a
damaging protein into the blood and can cause kidney damage. S/S dark reddish urine,
muscle aches and weakness.
intracranial hemorrhage - Answers -✔✔ · also known as intracranial bleed, is bleeding
within the skull.
atrial fibrillation - Answers -✔✔ irregular heart rhythm that begins in your heart's upper
chambers (atria). Symptoms include fatigue, heart palpitations, trouble breathing and
dizziness. Afib is one of the most common arrhythmias. Risk factors include high blood
, pressure, coronary artery disease and having obesity. AFib can lead to blood clots in
the heart. The condition also increases the risk of stroke, heart failure and other heart-
related complications.
ACE inhibitors (lisinopril) Indications - Answers -✔✔ Antihypertensive, they lower high
blood pressure
ACE inhibitors MOA - Answers -✔✔ Blocks angiotensin 1 angiotensin 2 (Angiotensin is
a hormone that helps regulate your blood pressure by constricting (narrowing) blood
vessels and triggering water and salt (sodium) intake
Lisinopril Side effects/adverse effects - Answers -✔✔ nonproductive cough (can keep
people up at night, very common, makes some people not tolerate medicine), dizziness,
hyperkalemia, angioedema (facial swelling can lead to blocked airway), tachycardia,
hypotension
lisinopril Contraindications - Answers -✔✔ pregnancy , K sparing diuretics (because
hyperkalemia SE), salt substitutes with potassium (hyperkalemia)
Lisinopril Patient education - Answers -✔✔ take exactly as directed, stop if become
pregnant, don't use potassium salt, contact doctor if you experience any swelling of the
face, lips, tongue or throat or if you experience very bad dizziness or passing out
Lisinopril Nursing considerations - Answers -✔✔ African adults and older adults tend to
not respond as well to ACE inhibitor monotherapy
ARBs (-sartan, ie losartan) contraindications - Answers -✔✔ Hypertension
ARBs (-sartan, ie losartan) MOA - Answers -✔✔ Prevent release of aldosterone, block
angiotensin 2 from receptors (RAAS system is hormone system that regulates BP)
Losartan - Answers -✔✔ dizziness, hypotension, headache, hyperkalemia,
hyperglycemia
Losartan Contraindications - Answers -✔✔ may lead to hyperkalemia in patients with
renal disease or patients taking agents likely to cause hyperkalemia(K+ supplements,
K+ sparing diuretics, ACEIs, DRIs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents)
Losartan is what kind of drug - Answers -✔✔ ARB
ARB Pt Education - Answers -✔✔ ARBs are generally well-tolerated but, as with any
drug, they can cause unwanted effects, including dizziness, headache and fatigue.
These may improve after a few days. After you start the drug, you'll need another blood-
test to check your kidney function.
