NURS 320 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
carotid artery disease - ANSWER-vessel thats going to the brain
high risk for stroke
manifestations depends on how bad the obstruction is
may have to go and take it out bc coratid arteries cannot be blocked
- they'll suck out the plaque
NEURO STATUS IS ESSENTIAL
may be on anticoagulants
peripheral arterial bypass - ANSWER-bypass the obstruction with another implanted
vessels
you would want to know if pt has a pedal pulse, where its at, what the foot looks like
(all of that should be changed if the bypass is successful)
pts in bed for at least 24 hours
if pt has pain or the foot reverts back ex. no pedal pulse(negative changes) =
medical emergency, call the surgeon
check pt blood pressure
Raynaud's phenomenon - ANSWER-overexaggeration of vasoconstriction in the
digits (fingers & toes)
coldness, stress, smoking will be very exaggerated in these patients
may be an autoimmune component to this
help pt prevent vasoconstriction
wear gloves to get something out of freezer, stop smoking, be put on vasodilator
Buerger's disease - ANSWER-SMOKING / TOBACCO USE
causes occlusion of vessels
can occur w weed use as well
vascular disease brought on by smoking
peripheral perfusion disorders - ANSWER-tips for ____:
warmth will vasodilate to produce more circulation
DONT USE HOT pt won't be able to feel it
avoid cold
no crossing the legs
avoid tight clothes
need to check feet everyday
**encourage soy proteins bc it lowers cholesterol
** B6 and B13 lower homocysteine levels
virchow's triad - ANSWER-Stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage
venous thrombosis - ANSWER-formation of a thrombus in association with
inflammation of the vein
,DVT - ANSWER-Formation of thrombosis in deep vein
Most commonly iliac and femoral veins involved
need blood sitting around
damage to the vessel
some component of blood at risk for clothing sooner
SVT - ANSWER-Formation of thrombus in superficial vein
Generally benign disorder
Heparin - ANSWER-what medication can you anticipate for a pulmonary embolism
venous insufficiency disorders - ANSWER-ULCER ON ANKLE = ____
brown color is because of the waste products that can make it back up
pt will have edema due to increased hydrostatic pressure
should have good pulses and circulation
no intermittent claudication
Whose at risk:
immobile patients
diabetics
people who stand all of the time
hormonal therapy
Dopler test ordered
ultrasound
may put dye through to look as well
D-dimer test
pt/ptt
Elevate leg above the heart as long as they dont have heart conditions
hypertension - ANSWER-first condition for central perfusion is
hypertension - ANSWER-silent killer
140/90 - ANSWER-hypertension is anything > ___
pre-hypertension - ANSWER-120--89
diagnostic tests for hypertension - ANSWER-cardiac work up
BUN creatine
stress test
if BP is high, ask when was the last time you smoked?
heart failure - ANSWER-an abnormal clinical syndrome involving impaired cardiac
pumping and/or filling which leads to a lower-than normal cardiac output
acute decompensated heart failure - ANSWER-Manifests as acute pulmonary
edema
Increase in pulmonary venous pressure caused by decreased efficiency of the LV =
pulmonary engorgement
Life-threatening condition
, left sided heart failure - ANSWER-confusion, SOB, cough, tachycardia
nocturnal dyspnea - patients wake up in middle of the night having to go to the
bathroom
patients will wake up in the middle of the night SOB
cough, crackles, blood tinged sputum
typically develops first out of the 2 HF
right sided heart failure - ANSWER-peripheral edema
enlarged spleen
weight gain
ascites
distended jugular veins
cor pulmonale - ANSWER-right-sided heart failure arising from chronic lung disease
can lead to
angina - ANSWER-what is an example of ischemia, lack of oxygenation
stable angina - ANSWER-Chest Pain
Temporary and reversible
chest pain is priority ,is very predictable, lasts 3-5 minutes, relieved by
rest ,increases with activity
silent ischemia - ANSWER-cannot feel pain in their heart if they have a neuropathy.
Ex. patients with hypertension
angina decubitus - ANSWER-pain when laying flat, goes away when they stand or
increase the head of the bed
Prinzmetal angina - ANSWER-associated with migraines & raynauds disease -
exercise makes it feel better
microvascular angina - ANSWER--chest pain occurs in the absence of significant
coronary atherosclerosis or coronary spasm, especially in women
-chest pain is related to myocardial ischemia associated with abnormalities of the
coronary microcirculation
unstable angina - ANSWER-not predictable, chest pain that occurs with rest
Antiplatelets/Anticoagulants/Anti-anginals/ACE-I/ARB
Beta adrenergic blocker/blood pressure
Cigarette smoking/CCB/Cholesterol
Diet/Diabetes
Exercise/Education
Flu vaccination - ANSWER-chronic stable angina treatment
myocardial infarction - ANSWER-pain is what the patient says it is
catecholamine release
diaphoretic
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
carotid artery disease - ANSWER-vessel thats going to the brain
high risk for stroke
manifestations depends on how bad the obstruction is
may have to go and take it out bc coratid arteries cannot be blocked
- they'll suck out the plaque
NEURO STATUS IS ESSENTIAL
may be on anticoagulants
peripheral arterial bypass - ANSWER-bypass the obstruction with another implanted
vessels
you would want to know if pt has a pedal pulse, where its at, what the foot looks like
(all of that should be changed if the bypass is successful)
pts in bed for at least 24 hours
if pt has pain or the foot reverts back ex. no pedal pulse(negative changes) =
medical emergency, call the surgeon
check pt blood pressure
Raynaud's phenomenon - ANSWER-overexaggeration of vasoconstriction in the
digits (fingers & toes)
coldness, stress, smoking will be very exaggerated in these patients
may be an autoimmune component to this
help pt prevent vasoconstriction
wear gloves to get something out of freezer, stop smoking, be put on vasodilator
Buerger's disease - ANSWER-SMOKING / TOBACCO USE
causes occlusion of vessels
can occur w weed use as well
vascular disease brought on by smoking
peripheral perfusion disorders - ANSWER-tips for ____:
warmth will vasodilate to produce more circulation
DONT USE HOT pt won't be able to feel it
avoid cold
no crossing the legs
avoid tight clothes
need to check feet everyday
**encourage soy proteins bc it lowers cholesterol
** B6 and B13 lower homocysteine levels
virchow's triad - ANSWER-Stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage
venous thrombosis - ANSWER-formation of a thrombus in association with
inflammation of the vein
,DVT - ANSWER-Formation of thrombosis in deep vein
Most commonly iliac and femoral veins involved
need blood sitting around
damage to the vessel
some component of blood at risk for clothing sooner
SVT - ANSWER-Formation of thrombus in superficial vein
Generally benign disorder
Heparin - ANSWER-what medication can you anticipate for a pulmonary embolism
venous insufficiency disorders - ANSWER-ULCER ON ANKLE = ____
brown color is because of the waste products that can make it back up
pt will have edema due to increased hydrostatic pressure
should have good pulses and circulation
no intermittent claudication
Whose at risk:
immobile patients
diabetics
people who stand all of the time
hormonal therapy
Dopler test ordered
ultrasound
may put dye through to look as well
D-dimer test
pt/ptt
Elevate leg above the heart as long as they dont have heart conditions
hypertension - ANSWER-first condition for central perfusion is
hypertension - ANSWER-silent killer
140/90 - ANSWER-hypertension is anything > ___
pre-hypertension - ANSWER-120--89
diagnostic tests for hypertension - ANSWER-cardiac work up
BUN creatine
stress test
if BP is high, ask when was the last time you smoked?
heart failure - ANSWER-an abnormal clinical syndrome involving impaired cardiac
pumping and/or filling which leads to a lower-than normal cardiac output
acute decompensated heart failure - ANSWER-Manifests as acute pulmonary
edema
Increase in pulmonary venous pressure caused by decreased efficiency of the LV =
pulmonary engorgement
Life-threatening condition
, left sided heart failure - ANSWER-confusion, SOB, cough, tachycardia
nocturnal dyspnea - patients wake up in middle of the night having to go to the
bathroom
patients will wake up in the middle of the night SOB
cough, crackles, blood tinged sputum
typically develops first out of the 2 HF
right sided heart failure - ANSWER-peripheral edema
enlarged spleen
weight gain
ascites
distended jugular veins
cor pulmonale - ANSWER-right-sided heart failure arising from chronic lung disease
can lead to
angina - ANSWER-what is an example of ischemia, lack of oxygenation
stable angina - ANSWER-Chest Pain
Temporary and reversible
chest pain is priority ,is very predictable, lasts 3-5 minutes, relieved by
rest ,increases with activity
silent ischemia - ANSWER-cannot feel pain in their heart if they have a neuropathy.
Ex. patients with hypertension
angina decubitus - ANSWER-pain when laying flat, goes away when they stand or
increase the head of the bed
Prinzmetal angina - ANSWER-associated with migraines & raynauds disease -
exercise makes it feel better
microvascular angina - ANSWER--chest pain occurs in the absence of significant
coronary atherosclerosis or coronary spasm, especially in women
-chest pain is related to myocardial ischemia associated with abnormalities of the
coronary microcirculation
unstable angina - ANSWER-not predictable, chest pain that occurs with rest
Antiplatelets/Anticoagulants/Anti-anginals/ACE-I/ARB
Beta adrenergic blocker/blood pressure
Cigarette smoking/CCB/Cholesterol
Diet/Diabetes
Exercise/Education
Flu vaccination - ANSWER-chronic stable angina treatment
myocardial infarction - ANSWER-pain is what the patient says it is
catecholamine release
diaphoretic
