biol 2070 final exam
what are the different intracellular compartments ✔✔- Membrane enclosed
organelles
- Protein sorting
- Vesicular transport
- Secretory pathways
- Endocytic pathways
Phagocytosis ✔✔A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or
whole cells
How does vesicular transport work? ✔✔- Transport Vesicles Carry Soluble
Proteins and Membrane Between Compartments
- Vesicle Budding Is Driven by the Assembly of a Protein Coat
- Vesicle Docking Depends on Tethers and SNAREs
Exocytosis ✔✔a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane, releasing its content
to the cell's surroundings
Endocytosis ✔✔extracellular materials are captured by vesicles that bud
inward from the plasma membrane and are carried into the cell.
clathrin ✔✔a protein that plays a major role in the formation of coated
vesicles
secretion ✔✔Secretory proteins are released from the cell by exocytosis
• There are two pathways
, - The Constitutive exocytosis pathway provides a steady stream of proteins and
lipids to the plasma membrane and cell exterior—no signal sequence is
required
- The Regulated exocytosis pathway operates in secretory cells— large
amounts of required substance is stored in vesicles and released in response to
an extracellular signal
Pinocytosis ✔✔A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular
fluid and its dissolved solutes.
receptor-mediated endocytosis ✔✔The movement of specific molecules into a
cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with
receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire
bulk quantities of specific substances.
calcium signalling ✔✔the use of calcium ions (Ca2+) to communicate and drive
intracellular processes often as a step in signal transduction.
scaffold proteins ✔✔organize groups of intracellular signaling molecules into
signaling complexes
What are G-protein coupled receptors? ✔✔- stimulation of GPCRs activates G-
protein subunits
- some bacterial toxins cause disease by altering the activity of G proteins
- some G proteins directly regulate ion channels
- many G proteins activate membrane-bound enzymes that produce small
messenger molecules
- the cyclic AMP signalling pathway can activate enzymes and turn on genes
- a CA2+ signal triggers many biological processes
- the inositol phospholipid pathway triggers a rise in intracellular Ca2+
what are the different intracellular compartments ✔✔- Membrane enclosed
organelles
- Protein sorting
- Vesicular transport
- Secretory pathways
- Endocytic pathways
Phagocytosis ✔✔A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or
whole cells
How does vesicular transport work? ✔✔- Transport Vesicles Carry Soluble
Proteins and Membrane Between Compartments
- Vesicle Budding Is Driven by the Assembly of a Protein Coat
- Vesicle Docking Depends on Tethers and SNAREs
Exocytosis ✔✔a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane, releasing its content
to the cell's surroundings
Endocytosis ✔✔extracellular materials are captured by vesicles that bud
inward from the plasma membrane and are carried into the cell.
clathrin ✔✔a protein that plays a major role in the formation of coated
vesicles
secretion ✔✔Secretory proteins are released from the cell by exocytosis
• There are two pathways
, - The Constitutive exocytosis pathway provides a steady stream of proteins and
lipids to the plasma membrane and cell exterior—no signal sequence is
required
- The Regulated exocytosis pathway operates in secretory cells— large
amounts of required substance is stored in vesicles and released in response to
an extracellular signal
Pinocytosis ✔✔A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular
fluid and its dissolved solutes.
receptor-mediated endocytosis ✔✔The movement of specific molecules into a
cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with
receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire
bulk quantities of specific substances.
calcium signalling ✔✔the use of calcium ions (Ca2+) to communicate and drive
intracellular processes often as a step in signal transduction.
scaffold proteins ✔✔organize groups of intracellular signaling molecules into
signaling complexes
What are G-protein coupled receptors? ✔✔- stimulation of GPCRs activates G-
protein subunits
- some bacterial toxins cause disease by altering the activity of G proteins
- some G proteins directly regulate ion channels
- many G proteins activate membrane-bound enzymes that produce small
messenger molecules
- the cyclic AMP signalling pathway can activate enzymes and turn on genes
- a CA2+ signal triggers many biological processes
- the inositol phospholipid pathway triggers a rise in intracellular Ca2+
