Case Study: Type 2 Diabetes & Weight
Management 2025
Patient Profile:
• Name: Mr. Johnson
• Age: 52
• Gender: Male
• Height: 5'10" (178 cm)
• Weight: 220 lbs (100 kg)
• BMI: 31.6 (Obese Class I)
• Medical History:
o Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes 3 years ago
o Hypertension (BP: 142/88 mmHg)
o Sedentary lifestyle (desk job)
• Current Medications:
o Metformin 1000 mg twice daily
o Lisinopril 10 mg daily
• Lab Results (Fasting):
o Glucose: 148 mg/dL (High)
o HbA1c: 7.8% (Goal: <7.0%)
o LDL: 130 mg/dL (High)
o HDL: 38 mg/dL (Low)
• Dietary Habits:
o Skips breakfast, eats fast food for lunch
, o Large portions at dinner (meat-heavy, few vegetables)
o Snacks on chips/cookies in evening
o Drinks 2-3 sodas daily
Case Study Questions & Answers
1. What are Mr. Johnson’s most urgent nutrition-related risks?
Answer:
• Poor glycemic control (elevated HbA1c and fasting glucose).
• Dyslipidemia (high LDL, low HDL).
• Obesity (BMI 31.6) with central fat distribution (increases insulin resistance).
• High sodium intake (likely from processed foods) exacerbating hypertension.
• Inadequate fiber/phytochemical intake (low fruit/vegetable consumption).
2. What specific dietary changes would you recommend to improve his glycemic control?
Answer:
• Carbohydrate management:
o Consistent carb intake at meals (45-60g/meal) from whole foods (e.g., quinoa,
beans, berries).
o Replace refined grains with whole grains (brown rice instead of white rice).
o Pair carbs with protein/fiber (e.g., apple + peanut butter) to slow glucose
absorption.
• Meal timing:
o Add a balanced breakfast (e.g., Greek yogurt + nuts + berries) to prevent
overeating later.
• Sugar reduction:
o Replace soda with sparkling water or unsweetened tea.
o Choose whole fruit instead of cookies for snacks.
Management 2025
Patient Profile:
• Name: Mr. Johnson
• Age: 52
• Gender: Male
• Height: 5'10" (178 cm)
• Weight: 220 lbs (100 kg)
• BMI: 31.6 (Obese Class I)
• Medical History:
o Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes 3 years ago
o Hypertension (BP: 142/88 mmHg)
o Sedentary lifestyle (desk job)
• Current Medications:
o Metformin 1000 mg twice daily
o Lisinopril 10 mg daily
• Lab Results (Fasting):
o Glucose: 148 mg/dL (High)
o HbA1c: 7.8% (Goal: <7.0%)
o LDL: 130 mg/dL (High)
o HDL: 38 mg/dL (Low)
• Dietary Habits:
o Skips breakfast, eats fast food for lunch
, o Large portions at dinner (meat-heavy, few vegetables)
o Snacks on chips/cookies in evening
o Drinks 2-3 sodas daily
Case Study Questions & Answers
1. What are Mr. Johnson’s most urgent nutrition-related risks?
Answer:
• Poor glycemic control (elevated HbA1c and fasting glucose).
• Dyslipidemia (high LDL, low HDL).
• Obesity (BMI 31.6) with central fat distribution (increases insulin resistance).
• High sodium intake (likely from processed foods) exacerbating hypertension.
• Inadequate fiber/phytochemical intake (low fruit/vegetable consumption).
2. What specific dietary changes would you recommend to improve his glycemic control?
Answer:
• Carbohydrate management:
o Consistent carb intake at meals (45-60g/meal) from whole foods (e.g., quinoa,
beans, berries).
o Replace refined grains with whole grains (brown rice instead of white rice).
o Pair carbs with protein/fiber (e.g., apple + peanut butter) to slow glucose
absorption.
• Meal timing:
o Add a balanced breakfast (e.g., Greek yogurt + nuts + berries) to prevent
overeating later.
• Sugar reduction:
o Replace soda with sparkling water or unsweetened tea.
o Choose whole fruit instead of cookies for snacks.
