NURS 350 Unit 4 Hematology UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What type of WBCs are usually the most predominant in a WBC differential? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Segs/Polys: 50-62% [neutrophils]
What are Segs/Polys and Bands/Stabs? - CORRECT ANSWER - Segs/Polys = Neutrophils
Bands/Stabs = immature neutrophils
What is leukocytosis? - CORRECT ANSWER - Increased WBC
What is leukopenia? What does this increase the risk for? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Decreased WBC; infection
What is agranulocytosis? - CORRECT ANSWER - Lacking/decrease granulocytes
What is eosinophilia? - CORRECT ANSWER - Increased eosinophils
What is thrombocytopenia? What does this increase the risk for? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Decreased platelets; increased risk for bleeding
What is a reticulocyte? What does a high reticulocyte count indicate? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Immature RBCs, indicates bone marrow's production of RBCs [could indicate
hemolytic anemia]
What does an elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate [ESR] indicate? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Inflammation
, What is meant by the morphology terms for RBC size? Normocytic, macrocytic, microcytic/and
RBC color Normochromic, hypochromic, hyperchromic - CORRECT ANSWER -
Normocytic: RBC shape is appropriate
Macrocytic: cells are enlarged
Microcytic: cells are abnormally small
Normochromic: cell color is appropriate
Hypochromic: cell is decreased in pigment
Hyperchromic: cell is increased in pigment
What is the purpose of the blood morphology tests (MCV, MCH, MCHC)? - CORRECT
ANSWER - MCV= size
MCH= color
MCHC= color
What are the 2 main megaloblastic anemias? - CORRECT ANSWER - Pernicious (B12
deficiency) and Folate deficiency anemia
What is the most common microcytic hypochromic anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER - Iron
deficiency anemia
What are the classic signs of anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER - Pallor, fatigue, dizziness,
dyspnea on exertion [DOE]
What are the compensatory mechanisms that may occur to increase oxygenation of the tissues? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Tachycardia, vasoconstriction, heart failure, tachypnea, increased
breathing depth, increased plasma volume [interstitial fluid moves into blood vessels]; Na+ and
H2O retention [from activation of RAAS]
What causes megaloblasts to form and why do they cause problems? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Defective DNA synthesis leading to impaired erythropoiesis causing
unusually large stem cells in the bone marrow [called megaloblasts] because they are unusually
large and fragile RBCs that may die prematurely leading to increased bilirubin levels
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What type of WBCs are usually the most predominant in a WBC differential? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Segs/Polys: 50-62% [neutrophils]
What are Segs/Polys and Bands/Stabs? - CORRECT ANSWER - Segs/Polys = Neutrophils
Bands/Stabs = immature neutrophils
What is leukocytosis? - CORRECT ANSWER - Increased WBC
What is leukopenia? What does this increase the risk for? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Decreased WBC; infection
What is agranulocytosis? - CORRECT ANSWER - Lacking/decrease granulocytes
What is eosinophilia? - CORRECT ANSWER - Increased eosinophils
What is thrombocytopenia? What does this increase the risk for? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Decreased platelets; increased risk for bleeding
What is a reticulocyte? What does a high reticulocyte count indicate? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Immature RBCs, indicates bone marrow's production of RBCs [could indicate
hemolytic anemia]
What does an elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate [ESR] indicate? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Inflammation
, What is meant by the morphology terms for RBC size? Normocytic, macrocytic, microcytic/and
RBC color Normochromic, hypochromic, hyperchromic - CORRECT ANSWER -
Normocytic: RBC shape is appropriate
Macrocytic: cells are enlarged
Microcytic: cells are abnormally small
Normochromic: cell color is appropriate
Hypochromic: cell is decreased in pigment
Hyperchromic: cell is increased in pigment
What is the purpose of the blood morphology tests (MCV, MCH, MCHC)? - CORRECT
ANSWER - MCV= size
MCH= color
MCHC= color
What are the 2 main megaloblastic anemias? - CORRECT ANSWER - Pernicious (B12
deficiency) and Folate deficiency anemia
What is the most common microcytic hypochromic anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER - Iron
deficiency anemia
What are the classic signs of anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER - Pallor, fatigue, dizziness,
dyspnea on exertion [DOE]
What are the compensatory mechanisms that may occur to increase oxygenation of the tissues? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Tachycardia, vasoconstriction, heart failure, tachypnea, increased
breathing depth, increased plasma volume [interstitial fluid moves into blood vessels]; Na+ and
H2O retention [from activation of RAAS]
What causes megaloblasts to form and why do they cause problems? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Defective DNA synthesis leading to impaired erythropoiesis causing
unusually large stem cells in the bone marrow [called megaloblasts] because they are unusually
large and fragile RBCs that may die prematurely leading to increased bilirubin levels
