APEX Unit 1 Final Exam Quizlet
Experiments - ANS-Studies in which researchers change one factor (the independent variable)
in order to determine if the change alters another factor (the dependent variable). Example:
Applying different types of therapy to different people to see if one method is more effective than
another.
Hypothesis - ANS-An educated guess about what an experiment or observational study will find.
Treatment - ANS-The experimental _________ given to subjects in an experiment. Example: In
an experiment to test an antidepressant medication, the _________ is the medication.
Treatment Group - ANS-The group that receives the medical treatment.
Control Group - ANS-The group that does NOT receive the medical treatment.
Control in Experiments - ANS-A control group is one way.
Random Assignment - ANS-Using random chance to place subjects in the experimental or
control group.
Subjects - ANS-The people who are selected to be in a sample and participate in the study.
Human-Subjects Approval - ANS-A process for ensuring that people who participate in a study
will not be harmed or exploited.
Informed Consent - ANS-A standard for ensuring that people who can participate in a study
understand the risks and benefits, and that they are not forced to participate against their will.
Independent Variable - ANS-The factor in an experiment that is directly changed by the
researcher. Example: When studying whether a type of therapy may reduce depression, the
type of therapy is the ___________ variable. (Controlled directly by the researcher.)
Dependent Variable - ANS-A factor in an experiment that may change as a result of changes in
the independent variable. Example: When studying whether a type of therapy may reduce
depression, the level of depression is the _________ variable. (Not directly controlled by the
researcher.)
Placebo Effect - ANS-The tendency for people in a control group to respond as if they have
received the actual treatment. Example: I a person is given a sugar pill and is told the pill will
make them feel relaxed, the person will feel relaxed in a significant number of cases.
, Placebos - ANS-Substances or treatments that are determined to have no effect on a person.
Example: In a study on the effects of a medication for depression, people in the control group
may receive a placebo that contains only sugar.
Double-Blind - ANS-When neither the subjects nor the researcher knows who is the treatment
group.
Hawthorne Effect - ANS-Subjects respond differently when they know they are being studied.
Example: Depressed people may find that their depression has lifted, only because they were in
a study that is supposed to help depression.
Positive Psychology - ANS-The scientific study of human functioning, promoting, strengths that
help people and communities thrive. The study of optimal human functioning. Example: Studies
on what makes people happy.
Humanistic Psychology - ANS-The perspective of psychology that emphasizes human potential
and personal growth. Example: Helping people set and achieve goals.
Biological Basis - ANS-The processes in your body's cells that allow every thought, feeling, and
behavior to take place.
Biomedical Model - ANS-The perspective of psychology concerned with the biological basis of
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Biopsychology - ANS-The application of principles of biology toward the study of psychology.
Also known as biological psychology, behavioral neuroscience, or psychobiology.
Grand Question #1 - ANS-What do people need in order to be happy, to thrive, and to have a
fulfilling life?
Grand Question #2 - ANS-How do trillions of cells in our body work together to support the
experience we know as consciousness?
Grand Question #3 - ANS-How can people change their thoughts and behaviors so that they are
happier and live a more fulfilling life?
Grand Question #4 - ANS-How much do parents really influence who a child becomes?
Grand Question #5 - ANS-How can violent conflicts between groups be prevented?
Positive Psychology Parts - ANS-Humanistic psychology, optimal human functioning, study of
health
Biopsychology Parts - ANS-Medication for depression, brain scan, biological basis
Experiments - ANS-Studies in which researchers change one factor (the independent variable)
in order to determine if the change alters another factor (the dependent variable). Example:
Applying different types of therapy to different people to see if one method is more effective than
another.
Hypothesis - ANS-An educated guess about what an experiment or observational study will find.
Treatment - ANS-The experimental _________ given to subjects in an experiment. Example: In
an experiment to test an antidepressant medication, the _________ is the medication.
Treatment Group - ANS-The group that receives the medical treatment.
Control Group - ANS-The group that does NOT receive the medical treatment.
Control in Experiments - ANS-A control group is one way.
Random Assignment - ANS-Using random chance to place subjects in the experimental or
control group.
Subjects - ANS-The people who are selected to be in a sample and participate in the study.
Human-Subjects Approval - ANS-A process for ensuring that people who participate in a study
will not be harmed or exploited.
Informed Consent - ANS-A standard for ensuring that people who can participate in a study
understand the risks and benefits, and that they are not forced to participate against their will.
Independent Variable - ANS-The factor in an experiment that is directly changed by the
researcher. Example: When studying whether a type of therapy may reduce depression, the
type of therapy is the ___________ variable. (Controlled directly by the researcher.)
Dependent Variable - ANS-A factor in an experiment that may change as a result of changes in
the independent variable. Example: When studying whether a type of therapy may reduce
depression, the level of depression is the _________ variable. (Not directly controlled by the
researcher.)
Placebo Effect - ANS-The tendency for people in a control group to respond as if they have
received the actual treatment. Example: I a person is given a sugar pill and is told the pill will
make them feel relaxed, the person will feel relaxed in a significant number of cases.
, Placebos - ANS-Substances or treatments that are determined to have no effect on a person.
Example: In a study on the effects of a medication for depression, people in the control group
may receive a placebo that contains only sugar.
Double-Blind - ANS-When neither the subjects nor the researcher knows who is the treatment
group.
Hawthorne Effect - ANS-Subjects respond differently when they know they are being studied.
Example: Depressed people may find that their depression has lifted, only because they were in
a study that is supposed to help depression.
Positive Psychology - ANS-The scientific study of human functioning, promoting, strengths that
help people and communities thrive. The study of optimal human functioning. Example: Studies
on what makes people happy.
Humanistic Psychology - ANS-The perspective of psychology that emphasizes human potential
and personal growth. Example: Helping people set and achieve goals.
Biological Basis - ANS-The processes in your body's cells that allow every thought, feeling, and
behavior to take place.
Biomedical Model - ANS-The perspective of psychology concerned with the biological basis of
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Biopsychology - ANS-The application of principles of biology toward the study of psychology.
Also known as biological psychology, behavioral neuroscience, or psychobiology.
Grand Question #1 - ANS-What do people need in order to be happy, to thrive, and to have a
fulfilling life?
Grand Question #2 - ANS-How do trillions of cells in our body work together to support the
experience we know as consciousness?
Grand Question #3 - ANS-How can people change their thoughts and behaviors so that they are
happier and live a more fulfilling life?
Grand Question #4 - ANS-How much do parents really influence who a child becomes?
Grand Question #5 - ANS-How can violent conflicts between groups be prevented?
Positive Psychology Parts - ANS-Humanistic psychology, optimal human functioning, study of
health
Biopsychology Parts - ANS-Medication for depression, brain scan, biological basis
