LCP4801 LAW ASSIGNMENT 1 WITH
100%RELIABLE ANSWERS
What is a treaty? - correct answersVCLT Article 2 defines a treaty as an international agreement
concluded between states in written form and governed by international law, whether embodied
in a single instrument or two or more related instruments.
Who can initiate treaties? - correct answers(1) Individual states;
(2) International organizations;
(3) Non-governmental organizations
What does it mean when a state signs a treaty? - correct answersThe state accepts the text as
adopted and intends to ratify it.
Upon ___ a treaty becomes __ on the state. - correct answersRatification; binding
States are the ___ or ___ actors of international law - they both create and can be the subject of
international legal obligations. - correct answersPrimary, sole
According to the Montevideo Convention, a state should possess what qualifications: - correct
answers(1) A permanent population;
(2) A defined territory;
(3) A government;
(4) Capacity to enter into foreign relations with other states
What are the various ways states can be formed? - correct answers(1) Decolonization;
(2) Secession;
(3) Dissolution;
(4) Mergers;
(5) Peace Treaties
What are some of the abilities of states? - correct answers(1) Treaty-making capacity;
(2) Gain immunity for itself and officials;
(3) Have a right to self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter
(4) Gain access to international courts
What is soft law? - correct answersA document, agreement, resolution, etc. that is framed in
legal language but does not create legally binding obligations.
What are the benefits to soft law compared to treaties? - correct answersSoft law is more
flexible/reactionary:
(1)Easier to make changes/treaties require amendments and ratification
(2)Tends to avoid political opposition
,Soft law possesses an authority that is comparable to that of ____ or ____ - correct
answersTreaties or custom
What is prescriptive jurisdiction? - correct answersDeals with when a state can apply its
domestic law to specific conduct.
What exercises of prescriptive jurisdiction are generally prohibited? - correct
answersExtraterritorial exercises (applying one's domestic law to foreign conduct).
What are the four forms of prescriptive jurisdiction? - correct answers(1) The Nationality
Principle - States can always exercise jurisdiction over their nationals
(2) The Protective Principle - States can regulate extraterritorial conduct by non-nationals when
their conduct compromises state security/important interests (i.e. passport counterfeiters)
(3) Passive Personality Principle - A state may apply its law to an extraterritorial act committed
by a non-national when a national is the victim.
(4) Universal Jurisdiction - ANY state may exercise jurisdiction over an individual who commits
heinous crimes such as slavery.
What are the forms soft law comes in? - correct answers(1) Declarations from international
organizations;
(2) Industry codes of conduct;
(3) Experts' reports
What is customary international law? - correct answersRules that stem from a general and
consistent practice of states followed from a sense of legal obligation.
What two elements make up customary international law? - correct answers(1) State practice -
Uniform, extensive, representative (how long has the practice existed/how many states adhere to
it);
(2) Opinio Juris - Followed out of a sense of legal obligation
How does customary international law form? - correct answersWhen states implicitly or
explicitly acquiesce in particular practices and eventually recognize that these practices are
obligated.
Once a customary rule forms, it is ____ on states unless they objected. - correct answersBinding
What are non-governmental organizations (NGO's)? - correct answersEither national or
transnational groups of individuals or private entities united together to advocate a particular
agenda on the domestic or international stage.
What are some of the ways that NGO's participate in international law? - correct answers(1)
Preparing studies;
(2) Engage the media to influence public opinion;
(3) Attend international conferences as lobbyists.
, What are one benefit of NGO's? - correct answersThey often help get treaties adopted quicker.
(i.e. Landmines Treaty)
What is an armed attack? - correct answersAttacks by states or state-sanctioned actors that
violates Article 51 of the UN Charter and allows states to exercise individual or collective self-
defense.
What is the primary case dealing with armed attacks and intervention in a nation's domestic
affairs?
What is a secondary case? - correct answersNicaragua v. U.S.
DRC v. Uganda
What is one example of conduct that does not constitute an armed attack? - correct
answersAssisting military groups in the form of training, providing them weapons, etc.
When can a third-party attacking group trigger an armed attack? - correct answersWhen that
group is sanctioned by another state's government
What are the two principal means for making international law? - correct answers(1) Treaties
(2) Customs
What are some of the benefits of treaties? - correct answers(1) Codify existing international law;
(2) Develop new law;
(3) Create international organizations which might then engage in their own lawmaking activities
Where are most of the default norms for treatymaking codified? - correct answersThe Vienna
Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT)
How long do treaties last? - correct answersEither a fixed period or indefinitely.
By signing a treaty what does a state do? - correct answersIndicate that it accepts the text as
adopted
What happens when a state ratifies a treaty? - correct answersThe treaty becomes binding on that
state.
If a nation signed a treaty but has not ratified it, what are their obligations? - correct
answersThey must avoid any actions that would violate the treaty.
What VCLT Article deals with the formulation of reservations? - correct answersArticle 19
What are the three circumstances when a reservation cannot be formed? - correct answers(1)
Prohibited by the treaty;
(2) Treaty provides that only specified reservations may be made;
(3) The reservation is incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty.
100%RELIABLE ANSWERS
What is a treaty? - correct answersVCLT Article 2 defines a treaty as an international agreement
concluded between states in written form and governed by international law, whether embodied
in a single instrument or two or more related instruments.
Who can initiate treaties? - correct answers(1) Individual states;
(2) International organizations;
(3) Non-governmental organizations
What does it mean when a state signs a treaty? - correct answersThe state accepts the text as
adopted and intends to ratify it.
Upon ___ a treaty becomes __ on the state. - correct answersRatification; binding
States are the ___ or ___ actors of international law - they both create and can be the subject of
international legal obligations. - correct answersPrimary, sole
According to the Montevideo Convention, a state should possess what qualifications: - correct
answers(1) A permanent population;
(2) A defined territory;
(3) A government;
(4) Capacity to enter into foreign relations with other states
What are the various ways states can be formed? - correct answers(1) Decolonization;
(2) Secession;
(3) Dissolution;
(4) Mergers;
(5) Peace Treaties
What are some of the abilities of states? - correct answers(1) Treaty-making capacity;
(2) Gain immunity for itself and officials;
(3) Have a right to self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter
(4) Gain access to international courts
What is soft law? - correct answersA document, agreement, resolution, etc. that is framed in
legal language but does not create legally binding obligations.
What are the benefits to soft law compared to treaties? - correct answersSoft law is more
flexible/reactionary:
(1)Easier to make changes/treaties require amendments and ratification
(2)Tends to avoid political opposition
,Soft law possesses an authority that is comparable to that of ____ or ____ - correct
answersTreaties or custom
What is prescriptive jurisdiction? - correct answersDeals with when a state can apply its
domestic law to specific conduct.
What exercises of prescriptive jurisdiction are generally prohibited? - correct
answersExtraterritorial exercises (applying one's domestic law to foreign conduct).
What are the four forms of prescriptive jurisdiction? - correct answers(1) The Nationality
Principle - States can always exercise jurisdiction over their nationals
(2) The Protective Principle - States can regulate extraterritorial conduct by non-nationals when
their conduct compromises state security/important interests (i.e. passport counterfeiters)
(3) Passive Personality Principle - A state may apply its law to an extraterritorial act committed
by a non-national when a national is the victim.
(4) Universal Jurisdiction - ANY state may exercise jurisdiction over an individual who commits
heinous crimes such as slavery.
What are the forms soft law comes in? - correct answers(1) Declarations from international
organizations;
(2) Industry codes of conduct;
(3) Experts' reports
What is customary international law? - correct answersRules that stem from a general and
consistent practice of states followed from a sense of legal obligation.
What two elements make up customary international law? - correct answers(1) State practice -
Uniform, extensive, representative (how long has the practice existed/how many states adhere to
it);
(2) Opinio Juris - Followed out of a sense of legal obligation
How does customary international law form? - correct answersWhen states implicitly or
explicitly acquiesce in particular practices and eventually recognize that these practices are
obligated.
Once a customary rule forms, it is ____ on states unless they objected. - correct answersBinding
What are non-governmental organizations (NGO's)? - correct answersEither national or
transnational groups of individuals or private entities united together to advocate a particular
agenda on the domestic or international stage.
What are some of the ways that NGO's participate in international law? - correct answers(1)
Preparing studies;
(2) Engage the media to influence public opinion;
(3) Attend international conferences as lobbyists.
, What are one benefit of NGO's? - correct answersThey often help get treaties adopted quicker.
(i.e. Landmines Treaty)
What is an armed attack? - correct answersAttacks by states or state-sanctioned actors that
violates Article 51 of the UN Charter and allows states to exercise individual or collective self-
defense.
What is the primary case dealing with armed attacks and intervention in a nation's domestic
affairs?
What is a secondary case? - correct answersNicaragua v. U.S.
DRC v. Uganda
What is one example of conduct that does not constitute an armed attack? - correct
answersAssisting military groups in the form of training, providing them weapons, etc.
When can a third-party attacking group trigger an armed attack? - correct answersWhen that
group is sanctioned by another state's government
What are the two principal means for making international law? - correct answers(1) Treaties
(2) Customs
What are some of the benefits of treaties? - correct answers(1) Codify existing international law;
(2) Develop new law;
(3) Create international organizations which might then engage in their own lawmaking activities
Where are most of the default norms for treatymaking codified? - correct answersThe Vienna
Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT)
How long do treaties last? - correct answersEither a fixed period or indefinitely.
By signing a treaty what does a state do? - correct answersIndicate that it accepts the text as
adopted
What happens when a state ratifies a treaty? - correct answersThe treaty becomes binding on that
state.
If a nation signed a treaty but has not ratified it, what are their obligations? - correct
answersThey must avoid any actions that would violate the treaty.
What VCLT Article deals with the formulation of reservations? - correct answersArticle 19
What are the three circumstances when a reservation cannot be formed? - correct answers(1)
Prohibited by the treaty;
(2) Treaty provides that only specified reservations may be made;
(3) The reservation is incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty.
