SPCE 630 FINAL EXAM PREP, SPCE
630 ASSESMENT EXAMS WITH
100% QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
1. Visual Analysis Of Graphed Data - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Is The Cornerstone Of And Most
Frequently Used Data Analysis Method In SCD Research, Particularly For Determining Whether A
Study Demonstrates Experimental Control.
2. Involves Systematic Procedures Used To Evaluate Specific Characteristics Of Data Patterns And
Evaluate The Presence Of A Functional Relation.
3. Advantages Of Visual Analysis - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔-️ Can Be Used To Evaluate Data Of
Individuals Or Small Groups Depending On The Unit Of Analysis Specified In The Research
Question.
4. -Data Are Collected Repeatedly, Graphed As They Are Collected, And Analyzed Frequently
5. -Focuses On Analysis Of Individual Data Patterns
6. -Discovery Of Potentially Interesting Findings That May Not Be Directly Related To The Original
Research Question Or Program Objective.
7. -Graphic Presentation Of Data Permits Independent Analysis And Interpretation Of Results
8. Formative Visual Analysis - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔C ️ onducted Within And Across Conditions
To Identify Behavior Change During The Course Of A Study.
9. Behavior Change - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Occurs When Data Patterns In One Condition Are
Different From Data Patterns In The Subsequent, Adjacent Condition For The Same Variable(S).
10. Summative Visual Analysis - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Conducted Following Study Completion,
Across Multiple Opportunities To Demonstrate Behavior Change To Determine Whether A
Functional Relation Exists Between The Independent Variable And The Dependent Variable.
11. Adjacent Conditions - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️In SCD Research, Data Patterns Are Examined
Within And Across Adjacent Conditions; When Data In One Condition Differ From What Is
Predicted Based On The Preceding Condition, Behavior Change Is Demonstrated.
,12. Formative Analysis Is Conducted In Two Steps - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️1. Within And Across
Adjacent Condition Analyses
13. 2. Systematic Examination Of Specific Data Characteristics
14. Within Condition Visual Analyses - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔A ️ re Conducted To Discern Patterns
Within A Single Condition During A Study. Within Condition Visual Analyses Of Level, Trend, And
Variability/Stability Are Critical For Determining When To Change Conditions, Deciding Whether
Adaptations Need To Be Made, And Providing Information Related To Answering Research
Questions.
15. Beginning With The Initial Condition, Typically Baseline, You Should Look For Stability Of Data
Across A Minimum Of At Least Three To Five Sessions Prior To Changing Conditions.
16. Condition Change Criteria - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Should Be Made A Priori Based On
Hypothesized Data Patterns. These Criteria Will Guide Both Formative And Summative Decisions
About Experimental Control.
17. Level - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Refers To The Amount Of Behavior That Occurs, As Indicated
By The Ordinate Scale Value. The Characteristic Of Highest Interest For Behavior Change, And Is
Generally Described As Low, Moderate, Or High.
18. Trend - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔T️ he Slope And Direction Of A Data Series Or The Direction
Data Are Moving Over Time. Three Characteristics Can Be Described: Trend Directions, Trend
Magnitude, And Trend Stability.
19. Trend Direction - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Referred To As Accelerating, Decelerating, Or Zero
Celebrating. Trend Can Further Be Characterized By Magnitude, And Is Often Described As Steep
Or Gradual And Paired With Direction. Also Describe Whether The Direction Of A Trend Is
Improving (Therapeutic) Or Deteriorating (Contra-Therapeutic).
20. Contra Therapeutic Trend - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Represents A Common Data Pattern In
SCD Data That Might Occur Within A Condition And Particularly Prior To The Introduction Of The
Independent Variable. This Refers To Trends That Are In The Opposite Direction Of The
Hypothesized Direction Of Improvement And Can Establish Need For The Intervention.
21. Variability - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔F️ luctuation From One Data Point To The Next And Is The
Opposite Of Stability; In Data With No Trend, This Can Be Summarized As The Range Of Data
, Values Within A Condition Or As The Percentage Of Data Points Falling Within A Given Stability
Envelope
22. Stability - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Is Predictability And Consistency Of Data Values Within A
Condition. Perceptions Of This Can Be Influenced By Scales And Ranges Of Y Axes.
23. Between Condition Visual Analysis - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔T️ he Objective Of This Is To
Identify If Behavior Change Has Occurred. In SCD Research A Particular Condition (B) Is
Introduced And Re-Introduced To One (Eg. A-B-A-B) Or More Than One (Multiple Baseline
Design) Data Series To Evaluate Whether There Is A Functional Relation Between Independent
And Dependent Variables.
24. Functional Relations - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Are Unequivocal Demonstrations That An
Independent Variable Produced Reliable And Consistent Change In A Dependent Variable. The
Purpose Of SCD Research Is To Determine If Behavior Change Occurs When The Intervention Is
Introduced, And Whether The Behavior Change Can Vive Reliably Replicated.
25. Analysis Of Data Across Adjacent Conditions Entails Determining: - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔A ️)
Changes In Data Patterns (Level, Trend, Variability) B) Immediacy Of Change C) Amount Of
Overlapping Data Across Adjacent Conditions D) Consistency Of Data Patterns Across Similar
Conditions
26. Immediacy Of Change - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Across Adjacent Conditions Is The Degree To
Which Behavior Change Occurs As Soon As The Intervention Is Introduced. When A Large
Change In Level Occurs Immediately After Introduction Of A New Condition, It Is Referred To As
An Abrupt Change In Level, Which Is Indicative Of An Immediately Powerful Or Immediately
Effective Intervention.
27. Overlap - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Refers To Values Of Data In One Condition That Are In The
Same Range Of Values Of Data In The Subsequent, Adjacent Condition.
28. Consistency - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Refers To The Extent To Which Data Patterns In One
Condition Are Similar To Data Patterns In Other Conditions. Confident Determination That A
Functional Relation Exists Requires Consistency In Data Patterns Between Iterations Of The
Same Condition And Inconsistency In Data Patterns Between Different, Adjacent Conditions.
, 29. Potential Demonstrations Of Effect - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔A ️ Functional Relation Can Be
Identified When A) There Is A Sufficient Number Of This (Three Opportunities To Demonstrate
Behavior Change Contingent On Condition Change) And B) Visual Analysis Suggests That
Consistent Changes In Data Occur For All Potential Demonstrations
30. The Presence Of A Functional Relation Can Be Confirmed When - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔A ️)
There Is A Successful Attempt To Replicate Effects Of A Condition B) Similar Conditions Generate
Similar Levels And Trends Within (Intra Participant Replication) And Across (Inter Participant
Replication) Participants In A Study. A Minimum Of Three Demonstrations Of Behavior Change Is
Required To Establish Experimental Control
31. Magnitude - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️If A Functional Relation Is Present, This, Or Amount Of
Behavior Change May Be Of Interest. Magnitude Of Effect Is Assessed By Comparing The
Amount And Consistency Of Change Across Conditions And Cases Within A Study That Is Directly
Attributed To The Intervention.
32. Systematic Process For Conducting Visual Analysis - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️1. Adequate
Number Of Data Points Within Conditions To Establish Data Patterns.
33. 2. Clear Patterns Within Conditions In Level, Trend, Or Stability
34. 3. Behavior Change Between Adjacent Conditions In Level, Trend, And/Or Variability
35. 4. Degree Of Overlap And Immediacy Of Change In Data Patterns Across Adjacent Conditions
36. 5. Consistency Of Changes Across Conditions And Cases
37. 6. Predicted Patterns Of Change
38. 7. Magnitude Of Change Across Conditions And Cases
39. Visual Analysis Requires A Plan - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️A) Deciding How Often Data Will Be
Graphed
40. B) Considering How Data Will Be Graphically Displayed
41. C) Determining Which Data Characteristics Will Be The Focus Of Within And Between Condition
Analyses
42. D) Identifying Design Related Criteria That Will Impact Visual Analysis
43. Determining A Schedule For Graphing Data, You Should - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️A) Ensure
Data Are Graphed Regularly Enough To Inform Decision Making With Respect To Implementing
The Design As Planned And B) Identify Relevant Threats To Internal Validity That Can Be
Detected Visually
630 ASSESMENT EXAMS WITH
100% QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
1. Visual Analysis Of Graphed Data - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Is The Cornerstone Of And Most
Frequently Used Data Analysis Method In SCD Research, Particularly For Determining Whether A
Study Demonstrates Experimental Control.
2. Involves Systematic Procedures Used To Evaluate Specific Characteristics Of Data Patterns And
Evaluate The Presence Of A Functional Relation.
3. Advantages Of Visual Analysis - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔-️ Can Be Used To Evaluate Data Of
Individuals Or Small Groups Depending On The Unit Of Analysis Specified In The Research
Question.
4. -Data Are Collected Repeatedly, Graphed As They Are Collected, And Analyzed Frequently
5. -Focuses On Analysis Of Individual Data Patterns
6. -Discovery Of Potentially Interesting Findings That May Not Be Directly Related To The Original
Research Question Or Program Objective.
7. -Graphic Presentation Of Data Permits Independent Analysis And Interpretation Of Results
8. Formative Visual Analysis - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔C ️ onducted Within And Across Conditions
To Identify Behavior Change During The Course Of A Study.
9. Behavior Change - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Occurs When Data Patterns In One Condition Are
Different From Data Patterns In The Subsequent, Adjacent Condition For The Same Variable(S).
10. Summative Visual Analysis - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Conducted Following Study Completion,
Across Multiple Opportunities To Demonstrate Behavior Change To Determine Whether A
Functional Relation Exists Between The Independent Variable And The Dependent Variable.
11. Adjacent Conditions - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️In SCD Research, Data Patterns Are Examined
Within And Across Adjacent Conditions; When Data In One Condition Differ From What Is
Predicted Based On The Preceding Condition, Behavior Change Is Demonstrated.
,12. Formative Analysis Is Conducted In Two Steps - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️1. Within And Across
Adjacent Condition Analyses
13. 2. Systematic Examination Of Specific Data Characteristics
14. Within Condition Visual Analyses - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔A ️ re Conducted To Discern Patterns
Within A Single Condition During A Study. Within Condition Visual Analyses Of Level, Trend, And
Variability/Stability Are Critical For Determining When To Change Conditions, Deciding Whether
Adaptations Need To Be Made, And Providing Information Related To Answering Research
Questions.
15. Beginning With The Initial Condition, Typically Baseline, You Should Look For Stability Of Data
Across A Minimum Of At Least Three To Five Sessions Prior To Changing Conditions.
16. Condition Change Criteria - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Should Be Made A Priori Based On
Hypothesized Data Patterns. These Criteria Will Guide Both Formative And Summative Decisions
About Experimental Control.
17. Level - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Refers To The Amount Of Behavior That Occurs, As Indicated
By The Ordinate Scale Value. The Characteristic Of Highest Interest For Behavior Change, And Is
Generally Described As Low, Moderate, Or High.
18. Trend - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔T️ he Slope And Direction Of A Data Series Or The Direction
Data Are Moving Over Time. Three Characteristics Can Be Described: Trend Directions, Trend
Magnitude, And Trend Stability.
19. Trend Direction - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Referred To As Accelerating, Decelerating, Or Zero
Celebrating. Trend Can Further Be Characterized By Magnitude, And Is Often Described As Steep
Or Gradual And Paired With Direction. Also Describe Whether The Direction Of A Trend Is
Improving (Therapeutic) Or Deteriorating (Contra-Therapeutic).
20. Contra Therapeutic Trend - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Represents A Common Data Pattern In
SCD Data That Might Occur Within A Condition And Particularly Prior To The Introduction Of The
Independent Variable. This Refers To Trends That Are In The Opposite Direction Of The
Hypothesized Direction Of Improvement And Can Establish Need For The Intervention.
21. Variability - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔F️ luctuation From One Data Point To The Next And Is The
Opposite Of Stability; In Data With No Trend, This Can Be Summarized As The Range Of Data
, Values Within A Condition Or As The Percentage Of Data Points Falling Within A Given Stability
Envelope
22. Stability - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Is Predictability And Consistency Of Data Values Within A
Condition. Perceptions Of This Can Be Influenced By Scales And Ranges Of Y Axes.
23. Between Condition Visual Analysis - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔T️ he Objective Of This Is To
Identify If Behavior Change Has Occurred. In SCD Research A Particular Condition (B) Is
Introduced And Re-Introduced To One (Eg. A-B-A-B) Or More Than One (Multiple Baseline
Design) Data Series To Evaluate Whether There Is A Functional Relation Between Independent
And Dependent Variables.
24. Functional Relations - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Are Unequivocal Demonstrations That An
Independent Variable Produced Reliable And Consistent Change In A Dependent Variable. The
Purpose Of SCD Research Is To Determine If Behavior Change Occurs When The Intervention Is
Introduced, And Whether The Behavior Change Can Vive Reliably Replicated.
25. Analysis Of Data Across Adjacent Conditions Entails Determining: - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔A ️)
Changes In Data Patterns (Level, Trend, Variability) B) Immediacy Of Change C) Amount Of
Overlapping Data Across Adjacent Conditions D) Consistency Of Data Patterns Across Similar
Conditions
26. Immediacy Of Change - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Across Adjacent Conditions Is The Degree To
Which Behavior Change Occurs As Soon As The Intervention Is Introduced. When A Large
Change In Level Occurs Immediately After Introduction Of A New Condition, It Is Referred To As
An Abrupt Change In Level, Which Is Indicative Of An Immediately Powerful Or Immediately
Effective Intervention.
27. Overlap - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Refers To Values Of Data In One Condition That Are In The
Same Range Of Values Of Data In The Subsequent, Adjacent Condition.
28. Consistency - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️Refers To The Extent To Which Data Patterns In One
Condition Are Similar To Data Patterns In Other Conditions. Confident Determination That A
Functional Relation Exists Requires Consistency In Data Patterns Between Iterations Of The
Same Condition And Inconsistency In Data Patterns Between Different, Adjacent Conditions.
, 29. Potential Demonstrations Of Effect - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔A ️ Functional Relation Can Be
Identified When A) There Is A Sufficient Number Of This (Three Opportunities To Demonstrate
Behavior Change Contingent On Condition Change) And B) Visual Analysis Suggests That
Consistent Changes In Data Occur For All Potential Demonstrations
30. The Presence Of A Functional Relation Can Be Confirmed When - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔A ️)
There Is A Successful Attempt To Replicate Effects Of A Condition B) Similar Conditions Generate
Similar Levels And Trends Within (Intra Participant Replication) And Across (Inter Participant
Replication) Participants In A Study. A Minimum Of Three Demonstrations Of Behavior Change Is
Required To Establish Experimental Control
31. Magnitude - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️If A Functional Relation Is Present, This, Or Amount Of
Behavior Change May Be Of Interest. Magnitude Of Effect Is Assessed By Comparing The
Amount And Consistency Of Change Across Conditions And Cases Within A Study That Is Directly
Attributed To The Intervention.
32. Systematic Process For Conducting Visual Analysis - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️1. Adequate
Number Of Data Points Within Conditions To Establish Data Patterns.
33. 2. Clear Patterns Within Conditions In Level, Trend, Or Stability
34. 3. Behavior Change Between Adjacent Conditions In Level, Trend, And/Or Variability
35. 4. Degree Of Overlap And Immediacy Of Change In Data Patterns Across Adjacent Conditions
36. 5. Consistency Of Changes Across Conditions And Cases
37. 6. Predicted Patterns Of Change
38. 7. Magnitude Of Change Across Conditions And Cases
39. Visual Analysis Requires A Plan - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️A) Deciding How Often Data Will Be
Graphed
40. B) Considering How Data Will Be Graphically Displayed
41. C) Determining Which Data Characteristics Will Be The Focus Of Within And Between Condition
Analyses
42. D) Identifying Design Related Criteria That Will Impact Visual Analysis
43. Determining A Schedule For Graphing Data, You Should - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️A) Ensure
Data Are Graphed Regularly Enough To Inform Decision Making With Respect To Implementing
The Design As Planned And B) Identify Relevant Threats To Internal Validity That Can Be
Detected Visually
