Applied Pathophysiology - Chapter 2
REVIEWD QUESTIONS AND ANSWER
PASS GRADE A+
Tissues - CORRECT ANSWER-groups of similar cells that perform a specific function in
an organism
Cells - CORRECT ANSWER-The basic unit of structure and function in all living things
plasma membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-protects the cell by creating a barrier that
separates the intracellular components from the extracellular environment surrounding
it.
cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER-a colloid substance surrounding the cell nucleus, is
composed of water, proteins, fats, electrolytes, glycogen, and pigments.
Organelles - CORRECT ANSWER-structures within a cell that perform a distinct
function
Endoplasmic Reticulum (Organelle) - CORRECT ANSWER-a complex network of
tubules, producing proteins and fats
- Rough:
- synthesis of proteins via bound ribosomes
- Production of lysosomal enzymes
- Smooth:
- Synthesis of lipids, lipoproteins, and steroid hormones
- Regulation of intracellular calcium
Golgi apparatus (Organelle) - CORRECT ANSWER-A system of membranes that
modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell
Lysosome (Organelle) - CORRECT ANSWER-Digests cellular debris. It is the stomach
of the Cell
, Peroxisomes (Organelle) - CORRECT ANSWER-Contain enzymes called oxidases that
neutralize oxygen free radicals. Promote survival of the cell by neutralizing harmful
substances potentially damaging to the cell
Proteasomes (Organelle) - CORRECT ANSWER-Large organelles that recognize
abnormally folded or formed proteins.
Involved in proteolysis (breakdown of protein)
Mitochondria (Organelle) - CORRECT ANSWER-serve as sites of cellular respiration
and energy production; stores ATP
chromatin - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA, histone and nonhistone proteins
Diffusion (Passive Transport) - CORRECT ANSWER-moves particles from a higher to a
lower concentration
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER-diffusion of water across a selectively permeable
membrane
facilitated diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER-process of diffusion in which molecules pass
across the membrane through cell membrane channels. Not-energy dependent
active transport - CORRECT ANSWER-the movement of materials through a cell
membrane using energy
Endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Process used to transport large substances into
cells.
Pinocytosis: ATP-requiring process of ingesting contents of small liquid containing
vesicles
Phagocytosis: process of ingesting large particles such as cells, bacteria, and damaged
cellular components, resulting in the release of oxygen free radicals. Critical in the
defense of the body from foreign invaders.
Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER-series of metabolic processes that transforms fuel
molecules into energy (in the form of ATP) and waste products.
Anaerobic respiration - CORRECT ANSWER-Respiration that does not require oxygen
aerobic respiration - CORRECT ANSWER-Respiration that requires oxygen
Glycolosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Process of breaking down glucose in the cytosol of
the cell. Occurs in the absence of oxygen and is completed outside of the mitochondria.
REVIEWD QUESTIONS AND ANSWER
PASS GRADE A+
Tissues - CORRECT ANSWER-groups of similar cells that perform a specific function in
an organism
Cells - CORRECT ANSWER-The basic unit of structure and function in all living things
plasma membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-protects the cell by creating a barrier that
separates the intracellular components from the extracellular environment surrounding
it.
cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER-a colloid substance surrounding the cell nucleus, is
composed of water, proteins, fats, electrolytes, glycogen, and pigments.
Organelles - CORRECT ANSWER-structures within a cell that perform a distinct
function
Endoplasmic Reticulum (Organelle) - CORRECT ANSWER-a complex network of
tubules, producing proteins and fats
- Rough:
- synthesis of proteins via bound ribosomes
- Production of lysosomal enzymes
- Smooth:
- Synthesis of lipids, lipoproteins, and steroid hormones
- Regulation of intracellular calcium
Golgi apparatus (Organelle) - CORRECT ANSWER-A system of membranes that
modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell
Lysosome (Organelle) - CORRECT ANSWER-Digests cellular debris. It is the stomach
of the Cell
, Peroxisomes (Organelle) - CORRECT ANSWER-Contain enzymes called oxidases that
neutralize oxygen free radicals. Promote survival of the cell by neutralizing harmful
substances potentially damaging to the cell
Proteasomes (Organelle) - CORRECT ANSWER-Large organelles that recognize
abnormally folded or formed proteins.
Involved in proteolysis (breakdown of protein)
Mitochondria (Organelle) - CORRECT ANSWER-serve as sites of cellular respiration
and energy production; stores ATP
chromatin - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA, histone and nonhistone proteins
Diffusion (Passive Transport) - CORRECT ANSWER-moves particles from a higher to a
lower concentration
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER-diffusion of water across a selectively permeable
membrane
facilitated diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER-process of diffusion in which molecules pass
across the membrane through cell membrane channels. Not-energy dependent
active transport - CORRECT ANSWER-the movement of materials through a cell
membrane using energy
Endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Process used to transport large substances into
cells.
Pinocytosis: ATP-requiring process of ingesting contents of small liquid containing
vesicles
Phagocytosis: process of ingesting large particles such as cells, bacteria, and damaged
cellular components, resulting in the release of oxygen free radicals. Critical in the
defense of the body from foreign invaders.
Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER-series of metabolic processes that transforms fuel
molecules into energy (in the form of ATP) and waste products.
Anaerobic respiration - CORRECT ANSWER-Respiration that does not require oxygen
aerobic respiration - CORRECT ANSWER-Respiration that requires oxygen
Glycolosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Process of breaking down glucose in the cytosol of
the cell. Occurs in the absence of oxygen and is completed outside of the mitochondria.
