EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE FOR NURSES 5th EDITION SCHMIDT TEST BANK
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
Frank
v2/
NURSINGTB.COM
, EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE FOR NURSES 5th EDITION SCHMIDT TEST BANK
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
Testbank for Schmidt & Brown 5th Edition
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses: Appraisal and Application of Research
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
Testbank prepared by:v2/ v2/ v2/v2/
Arlene H. Morris, EdD, RN, CNE and De
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/v2/
bbie Faulk, PhD, RN, CNE
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
both of Auburn Montgomery School of Nursing
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v2/
CHAPTER 1 v2/ v2/
WHAT IS EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE?
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Multiple Choice v2/ v2/
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Definition of research (p. 14) v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
1. Which of the following is the best definition of research?
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a. Critically thinking about problems that occur in health care to determine possv2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
Frank
ible solutions. v2/ v2/
b. Information that is based on personal experience or tradition. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
c. Planned and systematic activity that leads to new knowledge and/or the v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
discovery of solutions to problems or questions. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
d. Trying a variety of approaches to a clinical problem and settling on the appr
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
oach that is effective more often than not. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/ NURSINGTB.COM
Definition of research utilization (p. 4)
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2. Which of the following is the best definition of research utilization?
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a. Applying research findings from individual studies to practice. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
b. Analyzing multiple research studies to synthesize findings. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
c. Appreciating the importance of clinical decision making. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
d. Using previous personal experience to build confidence. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
Definition of EBP (pp. 4-5) v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
3. Which of the following is the best definition of evidence-based practice (EBP)?
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a. Application of research findings based on scientific theories in a clinical setti v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
ng. v2/
b. Research studies that correspond to nationally established priorities for health
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
care, conducted by experts in their fields. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
c. Use of theory-derived, research- v2/ v2/ v2/
based information in making decisions about health care delivery, with c
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
onsideration of individual needs and preferences and the clinical expertis v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
e of the provider. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
d. Using the individual health care provider’s perception of truth without consci
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ous attention or reasoning. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
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Difference between research utilization and EBP (pp. 4-5)
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4. Which of the following best describes the difference between research utilization an
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d v2/
EBP? v2/
v2/
NURSINGTB.COM
, EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE FOR NURSES 5th EDITION SCHMIDT TEST BANK
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
a. Research utilization is a process of evaluating multiple studies for the most g
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
eneralizable findings; EBP is use of the most recent study on a topic.v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
b. Research utilization involves changing practice based on findings of a sin
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
gle research study; EBP is the syntheses of findings from multiple studie
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
s to incorporate with practitioner skills and client preference to determin
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
e best care. v2/ v2/ v2/
c. Research utilization is the application of research findings to health care prac
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
tice; EBP is considered in selecting medication options.
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
d. Research utilization is review of research publications; EBP is using the heal
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
thcare provider’s perception of what care would be best in individual situatio
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
ns. v2/
v2/
Evidence from other disciplines (p. 6)
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5. In what way can evidence from disciplines other than nursing be helpful?
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a. Theory based non- v2/ v2/
Frank
nursing evidence can provide a basis on which to build new evidence.
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b. Non-
nursing evidence supports the use of nursing knowledge obtained by trial and
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
error. v2/ v2/
c. Clinical decision making can be based on findings from single non-
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
nursing research studies. v2/ v2/ v2/
d. All evidence is equally important to the practice of nursing.
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v2/
Identification of sources of evidence (p. 6)
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
6. You are a new nurse working at XYZ hospital. Your preceptor tells you to dangle
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Ms. Jones’ legs on the side of the bed before you attempt to assist her to a chair.
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
You ask your preceptor why this is done and she answers, “This is what we have
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
always done, so go do NURSINGTB.COM it.” This is an example of which type of e
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
vidence? v2/
a. Trial and error v2/ v2/ v2/
b. Intuition v2/
c. Borrowed evidence v2/ v2/
d. Tradition v2/
v2/
Identification of sources of evidence (p. 6)
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
7. You are a new nurse working at XYZ hospital. Your preceptor tells you to dangle
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
Ms. Jones’ legs on the side of the bed before you attempt to assist her to a chair.
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
You ask your preceptor why this is done and she answers, “Because I said so.” Th
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
is is an example of which type of evidence?
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
a. Intuition v2/
b. Tradition v2/
c. Authority v2/
d. Borrowed evidence v2/ v2/
v2/
Identification of sources of evidence (p. 6)
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
8. Trial and error is not a preferred approach for delivering nursing care because
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v2/
NURSINGTB.COM
, EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE FOR NURSES 5th EDITION SCHMIDT TEST BANK
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
a. it is not based on systematic scientific approaches.
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b. it is not a sanctioned method by the American Nurses Association.
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c. it is based only on intuition and therefore not scientifically based.
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d. patient outcomes are always based only on level 1 evidence.
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Identification of sources of evidence (p. 8)
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9. Many nurses in clinical settings base nursing interventions on information obtained
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from a. level 1 evidence.
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b. individual research studies. v2/ v2/ v2/
c. colleagues. v2/
d. the American Nurses Association. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
Barriers to adopting EBP (p. 8)
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10. Studies have shown that the reasons that nurses do not draw on research are relate
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
d to v2/ v2/
a. communication problems.
Frank
v2/ v2/
b. individual and organizational factors. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
c. personal disinterest. v2/ v2/
d. rapid organizational changes. v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
Environment for EBP to flourish (p. 11)
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11. Which of the following promotes consistent EBP practice changes in an institution?
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2/
a. Clinical experts such as Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) should be the aut
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hority for any change in practices. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
b. Change champions are needed on each work shift to facilitate practice c
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hanges. v2/
c. Nurse managers must mandate research within healthcare institutions.
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d. Opinion leaders should enforce adherence to their opinions.
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v2/ NURSINGTB.COM
Environment for EBP to flourish (p. 10)
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12. One method for overcoming a lack of resources to access evidence is to
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a. devote 15 minutes a day to reading evidence related to a clinical problem.
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b. attend conferences where clinical research is presented.. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
c. bookmark important Web sites that are sources of clinical guidelines. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
d. collaborate with a nursing program for access to resources. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
Barriers to adopting EBP (p. 9)
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
13. What steps can be taken to overcome the time barrier to adopting an EBP?
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
a. Devote 15 minutes a day to reading evidence related to a clinical problem.
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
b. Subscribe to e-mail summaries of research studies in your area of interest. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
c. Take advantage of available technologies to provide quick and convenient ac
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
cess to relevant data and clinical guidelines. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/v2/
d. All of the above v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
Parts of a research article (p. 18)
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
14. Which section of a research article provides an overview of the study?
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
NURSINGTB.COM
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
Frank
v2/
NURSINGTB.COM
, EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE FOR NURSES 5th EDITION SCHMIDT TEST BANK
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
Testbank for Schmidt & Brown 5th Edition
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses: Appraisal and Application of Research
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
Testbank prepared by:v2/ v2/ v2/v2/
Arlene H. Morris, EdD, RN, CNE and De
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/v2/
bbie Faulk, PhD, RN, CNE
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
both of Auburn Montgomery School of Nursing
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
CHAPTER 1 v2/ v2/
WHAT IS EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE?
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
Multiple Choice v2/ v2/
v2/
Definition of research (p. 14) v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
1. Which of the following is the best definition of research?
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/v2/v2/
a. Critically thinking about problems that occur in health care to determine possv2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
Frank
ible solutions. v2/ v2/
b. Information that is based on personal experience or tradition. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
c. Planned and systematic activity that leads to new knowledge and/or the v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
discovery of solutions to problems or questions. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
d. Trying a variety of approaches to a clinical problem and settling on the appr
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
oach that is effective more often than not. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/ NURSINGTB.COM
Definition of research utilization (p. 4)
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
2. Which of the following is the best definition of research utilization?
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
a. Applying research findings from individual studies to practice. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
b. Analyzing multiple research studies to synthesize findings. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
c. Appreciating the importance of clinical decision making. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
d. Using previous personal experience to build confidence. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
Definition of EBP (pp. 4-5) v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
3. Which of the following is the best definition of evidence-based practice (EBP)?
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
a. Application of research findings based on scientific theories in a clinical setti v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
ng. v2/
b. Research studies that correspond to nationally established priorities for health
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
care, conducted by experts in their fields. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
c. Use of theory-derived, research- v2/ v2/ v2/
based information in making decisions about health care delivery, with c
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
onsideration of individual needs and preferences and the clinical expertis v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
e of the provider. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
d. Using the individual health care provider’s perception of truth without consci
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
ous attention or reasoning. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
Difference between research utilization and EBP (pp. 4-5)
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
4. Which of the following best describes the difference between research utilization an
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
d v2/
EBP? v2/
v2/
NURSINGTB.COM
, EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE FOR NURSES 5th EDITION SCHMIDT TEST BANK
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
a. Research utilization is a process of evaluating multiple studies for the most g
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
eneralizable findings; EBP is use of the most recent study on a topic.v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
b. Research utilization involves changing practice based on findings of a sin
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
gle research study; EBP is the syntheses of findings from multiple studie
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
s to incorporate with practitioner skills and client preference to determin
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
e best care. v2/ v2/ v2/
c. Research utilization is the application of research findings to health care prac
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
tice; EBP is considered in selecting medication options.
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
d. Research utilization is review of research publications; EBP is using the heal
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
thcare provider’s perception of what care would be best in individual situatio
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
ns. v2/
v2/
Evidence from other disciplines (p. 6)
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
5. In what way can evidence from disciplines other than nursing be helpful?
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
a. Theory based non- v2/ v2/
Frank
nursing evidence can provide a basis on which to build new evidence.
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
b. Non-
nursing evidence supports the use of nursing knowledge obtained by trial and
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
error. v2/ v2/
c. Clinical decision making can be based on findings from single non-
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
nursing research studies. v2/ v2/ v2/
d. All evidence is equally important to the practice of nursing.
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
Identification of sources of evidence (p. 6)
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
6. You are a new nurse working at XYZ hospital. Your preceptor tells you to dangle
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
Ms. Jones’ legs on the side of the bed before you attempt to assist her to a chair.
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
You ask your preceptor why this is done and she answers, “This is what we have
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
always done, so go do NURSINGTB.COM it.” This is an example of which type of e
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
vidence? v2/
a. Trial and error v2/ v2/ v2/
b. Intuition v2/
c. Borrowed evidence v2/ v2/
d. Tradition v2/
v2/
Identification of sources of evidence (p. 6)
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
7. You are a new nurse working at XYZ hospital. Your preceptor tells you to dangle
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
Ms. Jones’ legs on the side of the bed before you attempt to assist her to a chair.
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
You ask your preceptor why this is done and she answers, “Because I said so.” Th
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
is is an example of which type of evidence?
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
a. Intuition v2/
b. Tradition v2/
c. Authority v2/
d. Borrowed evidence v2/ v2/
v2/
Identification of sources of evidence (p. 6)
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
8. Trial and error is not a preferred approach for delivering nursing care because
v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
v2/
NURSINGTB.COM
, EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE FOR NURSES 5th EDITION SCHMIDT TEST BANK
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a. it is not based on systematic scientific approaches.
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b. it is not a sanctioned method by the American Nurses Association.
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c. it is based only on intuition and therefore not scientifically based.
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d. patient outcomes are always based only on level 1 evidence.
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Identification of sources of evidence (p. 8)
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9. Many nurses in clinical settings base nursing interventions on information obtained
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from a. level 1 evidence.
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b. individual research studies. v2/ v2/ v2/
c. colleagues. v2/
d. the American Nurses Association. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
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Barriers to adopting EBP (p. 8)
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10. Studies have shown that the reasons that nurses do not draw on research are relate
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a. communication problems.
Frank
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b. individual and organizational factors. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
c. personal disinterest. v2/ v2/
d. rapid organizational changes. v2/ v2/ v2/
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Environment for EBP to flourish (p. 11)
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11. Which of the following promotes consistent EBP practice changes in an institution?
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a. Clinical experts such as Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) should be the aut
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hority for any change in practices. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
b. Change champions are needed on each work shift to facilitate practice c
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hanges. v2/
c. Nurse managers must mandate research within healthcare institutions.
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d. Opinion leaders should enforce adherence to their opinions.
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Environment for EBP to flourish (p. 10)
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12. One method for overcoming a lack of resources to access evidence is to
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a. devote 15 minutes a day to reading evidence related to a clinical problem.
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b. attend conferences where clinical research is presented.. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
c. bookmark important Web sites that are sources of clinical guidelines. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
d. collaborate with a nursing program for access to resources. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
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Barriers to adopting EBP (p. 9)
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13. What steps can be taken to overcome the time barrier to adopting an EBP?
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a. Devote 15 minutes a day to reading evidence related to a clinical problem.
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b. Subscribe to e-mail summaries of research studies in your area of interest. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/
c. Take advantage of available technologies to provide quick and convenient ac
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cess to relevant data and clinical guidelines. v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/ v2/v2/
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Parts of a research article (p. 18)
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14. Which section of a research article provides an overview of the study?
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