ESL 154 EXAM (ACTUAL 2025/2026) QUESTIONS WITH 100%
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
Scaffolding Stages - -----Answers----1) Teacher does,
student watches
2) Teacher does, student helps
3) student does, teacher helps
4) student does, teacher watches and is ready to step in w/
support if needed
What is sheltered instruction? - -----Answers----A means for
making grade-level academic content (e.g. science, social
studies, math) more accessible for ELLs while at the same
time promoting their English language development.
SIOP (Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol) Model - ----
-Answers----Attention to content objectives, language
objectives, background knowledge, interaction, and meaningful
activities.
1) Lesson Preparation
2) Building Background
3) Comprehensible Input
4) Strategies
5) Interaction
6) Practice/Application
,7) Lesson Delivery
8) Review/Assessment
CALLA Model - -----Answers----Cognitive academic
language learning approach- Through carefully designed
lesson plans tied to content curriculum, teachers explicitly
teach learning strategies and have students apply them to
instructional tasks.
Currently accepted ESL methods all use these 5 basic
strategies. - -----Answers----1. Visuals - pictures, realia,
video
2. Vocabulary development - attention to teaching core
vocabulary
3. Active learning - process and apply new content and skills
4. Interaction - use multiple grouping configurations
5. Learning Strategies - help students monitor their own
learning
What are higher order thinking skills? - -----Answers----
Questioning techniques that require students to analyze,
evaluate and synthesis.
Students who have L1 reading skills and know how to transfer
skills to the L2, with the help of specific instruction, will
develop what ____ English literacy and comprehension skills. -
-----Answers----Stronger
,Combining simple sentences to make complex sentences is an
important exercise to help ESL students advance in their
writing abilities because? - -----Answers----Most of the
sentences in writing or continuous speech are complex
Phonological Awareness - -----Answers----Instruction
focuses on the sounds in spoken language. It is auditory and
does not involve print.
When is a semicolon used? - -----Answers----To combine 2
independent clauses that convey closely related ideas
Schemata - -----Answers----Connections that allow new
experiences and info to be aligned with previous knowledge
According to the concept of "Dual Iceberg Representation"
regarding L1 and L2 acquisition, which of these in most
accurate?
- The visible surface features that differ from L1 to L2 are the
largest components
- It is more effective to teach skills and concepts in L2 while
teaching L2 vocabulary
- It is more effective to teach skills and concepts in L1 while
teaching L2 vocabulary
- The underlying skills for L1 are different from those required
for learning the L2 - -----Answers----It is more effective to
teach skills and concepts in L1 while teaching L2 vocabulary
, Noam Chomsky - -----Answers----Professor Emeritus of
Linguistics, MIT. He is credited with the creation of the Theory
of Generative Grammar.
Jim Cummins - -----Answers----Came up with BICS and
CALP one of the world's leading authorities on bilingual
education and second language acquisition.
Denotation - -----Answers----Specific or literal meaning of a
word, as opposed to its figurative senses or connotations
ESOL - -----Answers----English for Speakers of Other
Languages
Discourse Analysis - -----Answers----Analyzing written or
spoken language.
IPT (Idea Proficiency Test) - -----Answers----One of three
state approved oral language proficiency tests. It may be used
for identification/entry/exit and annual assessment.
Inclusion/"Push in" - -----Answers----When an ESL
specialist goes into the mainstream classroom in order to
work with the ESL student.
LAS (Language Assessment Scales) - -----Answers----One
of three state approved oral language proficiency tests. It may
be used for identification/entry/exit and annual assessment.
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
Scaffolding Stages - -----Answers----1) Teacher does,
student watches
2) Teacher does, student helps
3) student does, teacher helps
4) student does, teacher watches and is ready to step in w/
support if needed
What is sheltered instruction? - -----Answers----A means for
making grade-level academic content (e.g. science, social
studies, math) more accessible for ELLs while at the same
time promoting their English language development.
SIOP (Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol) Model - ----
-Answers----Attention to content objectives, language
objectives, background knowledge, interaction, and meaningful
activities.
1) Lesson Preparation
2) Building Background
3) Comprehensible Input
4) Strategies
5) Interaction
6) Practice/Application
,7) Lesson Delivery
8) Review/Assessment
CALLA Model - -----Answers----Cognitive academic
language learning approach- Through carefully designed
lesson plans tied to content curriculum, teachers explicitly
teach learning strategies and have students apply them to
instructional tasks.
Currently accepted ESL methods all use these 5 basic
strategies. - -----Answers----1. Visuals - pictures, realia,
video
2. Vocabulary development - attention to teaching core
vocabulary
3. Active learning - process and apply new content and skills
4. Interaction - use multiple grouping configurations
5. Learning Strategies - help students monitor their own
learning
What are higher order thinking skills? - -----Answers----
Questioning techniques that require students to analyze,
evaluate and synthesis.
Students who have L1 reading skills and know how to transfer
skills to the L2, with the help of specific instruction, will
develop what ____ English literacy and comprehension skills. -
-----Answers----Stronger
,Combining simple sentences to make complex sentences is an
important exercise to help ESL students advance in their
writing abilities because? - -----Answers----Most of the
sentences in writing or continuous speech are complex
Phonological Awareness - -----Answers----Instruction
focuses on the sounds in spoken language. It is auditory and
does not involve print.
When is a semicolon used? - -----Answers----To combine 2
independent clauses that convey closely related ideas
Schemata - -----Answers----Connections that allow new
experiences and info to be aligned with previous knowledge
According to the concept of "Dual Iceberg Representation"
regarding L1 and L2 acquisition, which of these in most
accurate?
- The visible surface features that differ from L1 to L2 are the
largest components
- It is more effective to teach skills and concepts in L2 while
teaching L2 vocabulary
- It is more effective to teach skills and concepts in L1 while
teaching L2 vocabulary
- The underlying skills for L1 are different from those required
for learning the L2 - -----Answers----It is more effective to
teach skills and concepts in L1 while teaching L2 vocabulary
, Noam Chomsky - -----Answers----Professor Emeritus of
Linguistics, MIT. He is credited with the creation of the Theory
of Generative Grammar.
Jim Cummins - -----Answers----Came up with BICS and
CALP one of the world's leading authorities on bilingual
education and second language acquisition.
Denotation - -----Answers----Specific or literal meaning of a
word, as opposed to its figurative senses or connotations
ESOL - -----Answers----English for Speakers of Other
Languages
Discourse Analysis - -----Answers----Analyzing written or
spoken language.
IPT (Idea Proficiency Test) - -----Answers----One of three
state approved oral language proficiency tests. It may be used
for identification/entry/exit and annual assessment.
Inclusion/"Push in" - -----Answers----When an ESL
specialist goes into the mainstream classroom in order to
work with the ESL student.
LAS (Language Assessment Scales) - -----Answers----One
of three state approved oral language proficiency tests. It may
be used for identification/entry/exit and annual assessment.
