CROWD MANAGEMENT FINAL EXAM
100% CORRECT
Crowd Control - ANSWER A public security practice where large crowds are managed
to prevent the outbreak of crown crush, affray, fights involving drunk and disorderly
people or riots
Crowd Management - ANSWER - The systematic planning for, and the supervision of
the orderly movement and assembly of people
- The assessment of the people handling capabilities of a space prior to its use
- Includes: occupancy, means of ingress/ egress, processing procedures, expected
types of activities, group behavior
Crowd Surges - ANSWER - A "surge" is a sudden and powerful movement like one
would witness with waves of the ocean tide
- Unrelenting pressure from all side- a crushing "drowning" in a sea of people
- Occur in places where too many people are crowded in one place (entrance/exit,
standing in a room)
2 Components - ANSWER 1. Dense Crowd- lots of people in one place; force magnifies
at the epicenter or on the edges
2. Catalyst- something that causes crowd to shift or move [sudden rain, more people,
fights]
Most deaths caused by asphyxiations, not trampling (people squeezed so hard they
can't breathe)
- Pushing from the back to front; from the front to back; & potentially from the top if one
falls
- Often caused by failure to create a safe environment (not always a stampede)
Crowd Stampede - ANSWER - Occurs when a crowd of people move in the same
direction at the same time- some may collide or pile up against or on top of each other
- Impulsive, caused by catalysts
Crowd Density - ANSWER Person per Sq Meter or 10 sq ft
2 - Safe Density at which we typically use when planning crowded spaces. The crowd
has good free following movement [GREEN]
3 - Movement starts being constricted [YELLOW]
4-5 - Critical density during which crowd surges are likely to occur [RED]
6-7 - Movement is very limited to a dangerous level [RED]
[10] 8+ - Movement is almost impossible due to pressure on each person [RED]
Maslow Hierarchy of Human Need - ANSWER Top to Bottom:
Self-actualization
Respect
, Social
Safety
Physiological
Safety - ANSWER You have to feel safe, secure, have to feel things are okay and not
going to be harmed
If you don't meet those needs then you will find other ways to do that, people change
their behavior when their hungry
Physiological - ANSWER is what you need to survive, food, water, shelter
Crowd Science Principles 80-20 Rule Applied - ANSWER The 80-20 rules says that
80% of outcomes are caused of 20% of inputs
- 20% of criminals commit 80% of crimes
- 20% of drivers cause 80% of all traffic accidents
- 80% of pollution originates from 20% of all factories
- 20% of a companies products represent 80% of sales
- 20% of employees are responsible for 80 of the results
- 20% of students have grades 80% or higher
True for all aspects of life
- 20% of the crowd are cause 80% of problems****
Risk Assessment - ANSWER - Determine the likelihood, vulnerabilities, and
consequences [impact] of the crowd
- What could happen if an issue arises?
- What characteristics will impact behavior?
- Crowds act diff when lights are on and when lights are off
- What could cause the issues? How do we mitigate those crowds?
- If something happens what is the consequence?
- Injury, death
Control Measures - ANSWER Design: Environmental and Physical Aspects
Information
Management
Design Control Measures - ANSWER - Arrival routs
- Queting
- Ingress lanes
- Walkways
- Holding areas
- Venue Placement and Capacity
- Barricade placement
Information Control Measures - ANSWER - Signage
- Video Screens
- Live Incidents Videos
100% CORRECT
Crowd Control - ANSWER A public security practice where large crowds are managed
to prevent the outbreak of crown crush, affray, fights involving drunk and disorderly
people or riots
Crowd Management - ANSWER - The systematic planning for, and the supervision of
the orderly movement and assembly of people
- The assessment of the people handling capabilities of a space prior to its use
- Includes: occupancy, means of ingress/ egress, processing procedures, expected
types of activities, group behavior
Crowd Surges - ANSWER - A "surge" is a sudden and powerful movement like one
would witness with waves of the ocean tide
- Unrelenting pressure from all side- a crushing "drowning" in a sea of people
- Occur in places where too many people are crowded in one place (entrance/exit,
standing in a room)
2 Components - ANSWER 1. Dense Crowd- lots of people in one place; force magnifies
at the epicenter or on the edges
2. Catalyst- something that causes crowd to shift or move [sudden rain, more people,
fights]
Most deaths caused by asphyxiations, not trampling (people squeezed so hard they
can't breathe)
- Pushing from the back to front; from the front to back; & potentially from the top if one
falls
- Often caused by failure to create a safe environment (not always a stampede)
Crowd Stampede - ANSWER - Occurs when a crowd of people move in the same
direction at the same time- some may collide or pile up against or on top of each other
- Impulsive, caused by catalysts
Crowd Density - ANSWER Person per Sq Meter or 10 sq ft
2 - Safe Density at which we typically use when planning crowded spaces. The crowd
has good free following movement [GREEN]
3 - Movement starts being constricted [YELLOW]
4-5 - Critical density during which crowd surges are likely to occur [RED]
6-7 - Movement is very limited to a dangerous level [RED]
[10] 8+ - Movement is almost impossible due to pressure on each person [RED]
Maslow Hierarchy of Human Need - ANSWER Top to Bottom:
Self-actualization
Respect
, Social
Safety
Physiological
Safety - ANSWER You have to feel safe, secure, have to feel things are okay and not
going to be harmed
If you don't meet those needs then you will find other ways to do that, people change
their behavior when their hungry
Physiological - ANSWER is what you need to survive, food, water, shelter
Crowd Science Principles 80-20 Rule Applied - ANSWER The 80-20 rules says that
80% of outcomes are caused of 20% of inputs
- 20% of criminals commit 80% of crimes
- 20% of drivers cause 80% of all traffic accidents
- 80% of pollution originates from 20% of all factories
- 20% of a companies products represent 80% of sales
- 20% of employees are responsible for 80 of the results
- 20% of students have grades 80% or higher
True for all aspects of life
- 20% of the crowd are cause 80% of problems****
Risk Assessment - ANSWER - Determine the likelihood, vulnerabilities, and
consequences [impact] of the crowd
- What could happen if an issue arises?
- What characteristics will impact behavior?
- Crowds act diff when lights are on and when lights are off
- What could cause the issues? How do we mitigate those crowds?
- If something happens what is the consequence?
- Injury, death
Control Measures - ANSWER Design: Environmental and Physical Aspects
Information
Management
Design Control Measures - ANSWER - Arrival routs
- Queting
- Ingress lanes
- Walkways
- Holding areas
- Venue Placement and Capacity
- Barricade placement
Information Control Measures - ANSWER - Signage
- Video Screens
- Live Incidents Videos
