PHTY5201 Wk4- Typical Motor Development In
Children + Motor Control + Motor Assessment Exam
With Complete Solutions
Categorise and give a few examples of the factors affecting acquisition of motor skills -
ANSWER Individual Factors - CNS and sensorimotor physiology, temperament,
cognition
Microsystem Environment - womb, family, home, surroundings, peers
Exosystem Environment - extended family, neighbourhood, school
Macrosystem Environment - community, economic system, culture
Define: midline - ANSWER Ability to orientate body segments and limbs to centre of body
i.e. ability to 'organise' movements from a central reference
Define: dissociation - ANSWER Ability to move body segments and joints independently
from one another
i.e. isolate a particularly segment or joiint
Define: symmetry - ANSWER Similar or equal movement presentation on either side
e.g. turn head to right and left equally
Define: antigravity movements - ANSWER Ability to voluntarily life body segment/limb
against gravity
- qualitative indication of increasing strength
Define: compensatory movements - ANSWER adopting a *non-efficient* movement
pattern that may impair on future motor skills
E.g. not yet crawling --> bottom shuffle to move
- not an efficient mode; less ideal transition to standing
Define: emerging movements - ANSWER Movement patterns that can be seen to be
developing
e.g. not yet crawling, but can transfer from side sitting to 4pt kneeling and is starting to
lift arms
Define: anticipatory guidance - ANSWER A proactive form of parental/caregiver
education on the child's development
, i.e. education regarding what to/not expect
What are the 2 classifications of movement patterns? - ANSWER Posture Fixations
(static) e.g. sitting, standing
Posture Transitions (dynamic/translatory) e.g. S/L --> sit, sit --> stand
What is *functional* head control?
When is it typically achieved?
How is it tested? - ANSWER Control of head movements during both posture fixations
and posture transitions
- key milestone occurring ~3mth
- test: pull to sit
What is the progression for the development of manipulation/grasping? - ANSWER
Palmer Grasp Reflex - responding to tactile stimulus on hand
Raking - fingers flexing into palm
Pincer grasp (~9mth) - digits all working independently = dissociation
Poking/Pointing - dissociation; also onset of (pre-verbal communication)
What is the progression for the development of standing? - ANSWER Primary standing -
propped up with support
Stepping Reflex - response to tipping forward; indicates that tactile pathways between
foot and brain are intact and responding
Astasia/abasia (~3mth)
- astasia = inability to stand upright unassisted (expected as baby gets heavier)
- abasia = lack of motor control in walking
Bears weight
Bounces - effective weight bearing with load
What is the typical progression for the development of locomotion (posture transitions)?
- ANSWER Rolling: supine --> prone
Pull to standing
Cruising
Creeping
Children + Motor Control + Motor Assessment Exam
With Complete Solutions
Categorise and give a few examples of the factors affecting acquisition of motor skills -
ANSWER Individual Factors - CNS and sensorimotor physiology, temperament,
cognition
Microsystem Environment - womb, family, home, surroundings, peers
Exosystem Environment - extended family, neighbourhood, school
Macrosystem Environment - community, economic system, culture
Define: midline - ANSWER Ability to orientate body segments and limbs to centre of body
i.e. ability to 'organise' movements from a central reference
Define: dissociation - ANSWER Ability to move body segments and joints independently
from one another
i.e. isolate a particularly segment or joiint
Define: symmetry - ANSWER Similar or equal movement presentation on either side
e.g. turn head to right and left equally
Define: antigravity movements - ANSWER Ability to voluntarily life body segment/limb
against gravity
- qualitative indication of increasing strength
Define: compensatory movements - ANSWER adopting a *non-efficient* movement
pattern that may impair on future motor skills
E.g. not yet crawling --> bottom shuffle to move
- not an efficient mode; less ideal transition to standing
Define: emerging movements - ANSWER Movement patterns that can be seen to be
developing
e.g. not yet crawling, but can transfer from side sitting to 4pt kneeling and is starting to
lift arms
Define: anticipatory guidance - ANSWER A proactive form of parental/caregiver
education on the child's development
, i.e. education regarding what to/not expect
What are the 2 classifications of movement patterns? - ANSWER Posture Fixations
(static) e.g. sitting, standing
Posture Transitions (dynamic/translatory) e.g. S/L --> sit, sit --> stand
What is *functional* head control?
When is it typically achieved?
How is it tested? - ANSWER Control of head movements during both posture fixations
and posture transitions
- key milestone occurring ~3mth
- test: pull to sit
What is the progression for the development of manipulation/grasping? - ANSWER
Palmer Grasp Reflex - responding to tactile stimulus on hand
Raking - fingers flexing into palm
Pincer grasp (~9mth) - digits all working independently = dissociation
Poking/Pointing - dissociation; also onset of (pre-verbal communication)
What is the progression for the development of standing? - ANSWER Primary standing -
propped up with support
Stepping Reflex - response to tipping forward; indicates that tactile pathways between
foot and brain are intact and responding
Astasia/abasia (~3mth)
- astasia = inability to stand upright unassisted (expected as baby gets heavier)
- abasia = lack of motor control in walking
Bears weight
Bounces - effective weight bearing with load
What is the typical progression for the development of locomotion (posture transitions)?
- ANSWER Rolling: supine --> prone
Pull to standing
Cruising
Creeping
