GSC 103 EXAM 2 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
VERIFIED!!
body waves (2 types) - ANSWER p-waves (pressure waves):
-primary waves, faster, move straight through solid rock
-pass through solids, liquids, and gases
s-waves (shear waves):
-secondary, slower, travel in a more sideways up and down zig zag fashion
-pass through solids ONLY
how p-waves and s-waves are used to learn about the interior of the earth - ANSWER
-they can refract and reflect when they move from one material to another
-waves travel faster through denser materials
-earthquake waves take multiple paths through the earth
-can tell us about the rigidity, density and temperature of each layer of the earth
-p-waves and s-waves can only tell us about the STATE of each layer because only
p-waves can travel through liquid
Mohorovicic discontinuity - ANSWER boundary between crust and mantle
how is the exact location of earthquakes determined? - ANSWER triangulation-three
seismometers can show where the epicenter is
-since we know how fast p-waves and s-waves move we can figure out how far an
, earthquake was by measuring the time between the first p-waves and the first s-waves
-the longer the delay between the p-waves and s-waves, the further away the
earthquake was
faults - ANSWER -reverse/thrust fault: occur at convergent boundaries
-transform/strike-slip fault: occur at transform boundaries
-normal fault: occur at divergent boundaries
volcanoes and sulfur dioxide - ANSWER -volcanoes emit considerable amounts of sulfur
dioxide
-sulfur forms AEROSOLS which can cause short-term (months-years) changes in climate
Viscosity of magma - ANSWER -properties of magma will depend on the chemical
composition
-MORE SILICATE = HIGH VISCOCITY
-ocean hotspots and divergent boundaries produce basalt magmas---> thin and runny
(LOW VISCOCITY/NON EXPLOSIVE)
-continent hotspots and subduction zones will produce andesitic and rhyolitic
magmas---->thick and sticky (HIGH VISCOCITY/EXPLOSIVE)
Types of volcanoes - ANSWER cinder cones: basalt lava flow, <300 meters
shield: gently sloping dome built of thousands of highly fluid, low viscosity basaltic lava
flows, <10 meters
composite/stratovolcano: mountain sized, stepply-sided volcanoes composed of
alternating layers of pyroclastic material and sticky viscous lava flows, 1000-4000
meters
VERIFIED!!
body waves (2 types) - ANSWER p-waves (pressure waves):
-primary waves, faster, move straight through solid rock
-pass through solids, liquids, and gases
s-waves (shear waves):
-secondary, slower, travel in a more sideways up and down zig zag fashion
-pass through solids ONLY
how p-waves and s-waves are used to learn about the interior of the earth - ANSWER
-they can refract and reflect when they move from one material to another
-waves travel faster through denser materials
-earthquake waves take multiple paths through the earth
-can tell us about the rigidity, density and temperature of each layer of the earth
-p-waves and s-waves can only tell us about the STATE of each layer because only
p-waves can travel through liquid
Mohorovicic discontinuity - ANSWER boundary between crust and mantle
how is the exact location of earthquakes determined? - ANSWER triangulation-three
seismometers can show where the epicenter is
-since we know how fast p-waves and s-waves move we can figure out how far an
, earthquake was by measuring the time between the first p-waves and the first s-waves
-the longer the delay between the p-waves and s-waves, the further away the
earthquake was
faults - ANSWER -reverse/thrust fault: occur at convergent boundaries
-transform/strike-slip fault: occur at transform boundaries
-normal fault: occur at divergent boundaries
volcanoes and sulfur dioxide - ANSWER -volcanoes emit considerable amounts of sulfur
dioxide
-sulfur forms AEROSOLS which can cause short-term (months-years) changes in climate
Viscosity of magma - ANSWER -properties of magma will depend on the chemical
composition
-MORE SILICATE = HIGH VISCOCITY
-ocean hotspots and divergent boundaries produce basalt magmas---> thin and runny
(LOW VISCOCITY/NON EXPLOSIVE)
-continent hotspots and subduction zones will produce andesitic and rhyolitic
magmas---->thick and sticky (HIGH VISCOCITY/EXPLOSIVE)
Types of volcanoes - ANSWER cinder cones: basalt lava flow, <300 meters
shield: gently sloping dome built of thousands of highly fluid, low viscosity basaltic lava
flows, <10 meters
composite/stratovolcano: mountain sized, stepply-sided volcanoes composed of
alternating layers of pyroclastic material and sticky viscous lava flows, 1000-4000
meters
