PPCC MIDTERM + FINAL EXAM INFO UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Drug Therapy Problem (DTP) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A NORMAL part of care (Process) that should
be recognized & resolved.
They always involve the patient.
Some DTPs may not be serious, while others can be more serious leading to DRMs.
Another definition: Any circumstance that a competent professional would judge to be inconsistent with
achieving a therapeutic objective.
Drug Related Morbidity (DRM) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅An OUTCOME of a drug therapy problem.
Must be two things to be a DRM: An actual problem that is 1) severe, dangerous, injurious, or disabling
beyond the normal process of care and 2) is not correctable or requires additional medical care to
correct.
Has a scientifically plausible relationship to "drug therapy".
A therapeutic malfunction in which therapy A has produced an adverse or toxic effect and B has failed to
produce the desired effect with the reasonable period of time.
"Drug Therapy" - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Includes both therapy actually given and therapy that
should have been given, but wasn't.
What 4 requirements must be met for a DRM to be considered preventable? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅1) The DRM was preceded by a RECOGNIZABLE DTP.
2) The DRM was FORESEEABLE under the circumstances.
3) The causes of the resulting DRM was IDENTIFIABLE.
4) The identified cause of the DTP (& resulting DRM) was CONTROLLABLE within the context of therapy.
How many deaths in U.S. Hospitals are due to adverse drug reactions (ADRs)? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅76,000 > 100,000
,Making it the 4th leading cause of death in the U.S. each year, with the lower estimate being the 6th
leading cause.
What are the 4 objectives of beneficent care? (in order of priority) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1) Not
to inflict harm
2) To prevent harm
3) To remove harm
4) To promote good
Preventable adverse drug events reflect how much of U.S. deaths annually? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅1/6th
About what percentage of adverse drug therapy outcomes are preventable? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅50%
Simplified medication use process (5 steps) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Recognize patient problem →
Clinical impression (diagnosis) → Plan (prescribe medicine) → Implement plan (dispense & advise) →
Implement plan (administer/consume)
Latency - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Significant error that is not sufficient enough to injure a patient
What are the 7 DTP Categories? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1) Indication- unnecessary drug therapy
2) Indication- additional therapy needed
3) Effectiveness- ineffective drug therapy
4) Effectiveness- dose too low
5) Safety- adverse drug reaction
6) Safety- dose too high
7) Adherence- pt is not willing or able to take the drug therapy intended
What are the 5 elements of the Interpersonal Communication Model? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1)
SENDER- transmits message to another person
, 2) MESSAGE- the element that is transmitted from one person to another (thoughts, ideas, emotions,
info, etc.); can be verbal and nonverbal
3) RECEIVER- receives the message from the sender, then "decodes" the message and assigns meaning
to it
4) FEEDBACK- process whereby receivers communicate back to the senders their understanding of the
senders' message (being sensitive to others can strengthen our ability to receive and provide useful
feedback)
5) BARRIERS- affect the accuracy of the communication exchange (ex. vacuum cleaner, telephones,
hearing deficiency, etc.)
We tend to interpret messages based on our perception of what two things? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅1) What we believe the message says
2) The individual sending the message
Both treatment failure & adverse effects can lead to what? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Drug-related
death
What is the difference between DTP and DRM? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The distinction between
the process of medical care and the outcome of medical care.
Documentation of care is necessary for what 4 reasons? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. Efficiency
2. Coordination
3. Cooperation
4. Quality management
What are the main concepts of a SOAP note? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Keeps practitioner focused
on the patient & facilitates cooperation
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Drug Therapy Problem (DTP) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A NORMAL part of care (Process) that should
be recognized & resolved.
They always involve the patient.
Some DTPs may not be serious, while others can be more serious leading to DRMs.
Another definition: Any circumstance that a competent professional would judge to be inconsistent with
achieving a therapeutic objective.
Drug Related Morbidity (DRM) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅An OUTCOME of a drug therapy problem.
Must be two things to be a DRM: An actual problem that is 1) severe, dangerous, injurious, or disabling
beyond the normal process of care and 2) is not correctable or requires additional medical care to
correct.
Has a scientifically plausible relationship to "drug therapy".
A therapeutic malfunction in which therapy A has produced an adverse or toxic effect and B has failed to
produce the desired effect with the reasonable period of time.
"Drug Therapy" - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Includes both therapy actually given and therapy that
should have been given, but wasn't.
What 4 requirements must be met for a DRM to be considered preventable? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅1) The DRM was preceded by a RECOGNIZABLE DTP.
2) The DRM was FORESEEABLE under the circumstances.
3) The causes of the resulting DRM was IDENTIFIABLE.
4) The identified cause of the DTP (& resulting DRM) was CONTROLLABLE within the context of therapy.
How many deaths in U.S. Hospitals are due to adverse drug reactions (ADRs)? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅76,000 > 100,000
,Making it the 4th leading cause of death in the U.S. each year, with the lower estimate being the 6th
leading cause.
What are the 4 objectives of beneficent care? (in order of priority) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1) Not
to inflict harm
2) To prevent harm
3) To remove harm
4) To promote good
Preventable adverse drug events reflect how much of U.S. deaths annually? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅1/6th
About what percentage of adverse drug therapy outcomes are preventable? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅50%
Simplified medication use process (5 steps) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Recognize patient problem →
Clinical impression (diagnosis) → Plan (prescribe medicine) → Implement plan (dispense & advise) →
Implement plan (administer/consume)
Latency - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Significant error that is not sufficient enough to injure a patient
What are the 7 DTP Categories? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1) Indication- unnecessary drug therapy
2) Indication- additional therapy needed
3) Effectiveness- ineffective drug therapy
4) Effectiveness- dose too low
5) Safety- adverse drug reaction
6) Safety- dose too high
7) Adherence- pt is not willing or able to take the drug therapy intended
What are the 5 elements of the Interpersonal Communication Model? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1)
SENDER- transmits message to another person
, 2) MESSAGE- the element that is transmitted from one person to another (thoughts, ideas, emotions,
info, etc.); can be verbal and nonverbal
3) RECEIVER- receives the message from the sender, then "decodes" the message and assigns meaning
to it
4) FEEDBACK- process whereby receivers communicate back to the senders their understanding of the
senders' message (being sensitive to others can strengthen our ability to receive and provide useful
feedback)
5) BARRIERS- affect the accuracy of the communication exchange (ex. vacuum cleaner, telephones,
hearing deficiency, etc.)
We tend to interpret messages based on our perception of what two things? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅1) What we believe the message says
2) The individual sending the message
Both treatment failure & adverse effects can lead to what? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Drug-related
death
What is the difference between DTP and DRM? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The distinction between
the process of medical care and the outcome of medical care.
Documentation of care is necessary for what 4 reasons? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. Efficiency
2. Coordination
3. Cooperation
4. Quality management
What are the main concepts of a SOAP note? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Keeps practitioner focused
on the patient & facilitates cooperation
