Solutions
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Wrote Faust, The Lover's Caprice, Clavigo, Egmunt, Stella,
Iphigenian Tauris, Torquato Tasso.
Alexander Dumas Son of a French novelist. Wrote a series of short plays attacking
society's ills.
Lope De Rueda Wrote Efemia, Medora, and Armelina.
William Congreve Wrote famous plays indicative of the late 17th century English
Restoration. He only had five successes, then public taste turned against the sexualized
"comedies of manners" he wrote.
Pierre Beaumarchais (1732-1799) - wrote a series of three plays about the same
characters which included The Marriage of Figaro and The Barber of Seville. Worked to print
Voltaire's banned plays. Revolutionary.
,Giovanni Verga (1840-1922) - Realist depicting life in his country. Wrote: The She-Wolf,
In the Porter's Lodge, The Wolf Hunt, The Fox Hunt, Rustic Chivalry.
Hans Sachs 16th Century - wrote tragedies Lucretia and Virginia.
Ben Johnson Shakespearean contemporary known for satire. Wrote The Alchemist, Every
Man out of his Humor, The Sad Shepherd, The Masque of Blackness.
Lope de Vega (1562-1635) - Key figure in Golden Century Baroque Literature. Wrote
The Star of Seville, The Sheep Well, The Foolish Lady, Punishment without Revenge.
Adolphe Appia Wrote about lighting design and is credited with giving rise to modern
lighting theory. Wrote about: Diffused light, creative light, and painted light. Defined cues such
as dazzling sunlight, blood-red light of sunset, twilight, and hazy darkness.
Pebble-Convex has a somewhat hard-edged beam without any stray light.
Fresnel Spot Size of beam is controllable and has soft edges. Often used in conjunction
with others because it overlaps well.
, Profile Spot Fixed size with high intensity and hard edges. Very little stray light. Often
used with gobos. (aka ellipsoidal reflector spotlight).
Par Intense, fixed beam of light. Like a headlight on a car.
Back light Shine down on actors from above and behind. Separates actor from the
background. Has a "halo" effect. Often colors are used to change moods.
Top light (aka down light) - directly above the subject shining down. Creates contrast by
highlighting features that stick out like noses.
Bottom light (aka up light) - Rarely used as it is unnatural. Lit from the bottom. Creates a
spooky effect.
Flat front light Shines directly on actors' faces. Improves visibility of actors' eyes
especially.