INTRODUCTION TO PARALEGALISM.

INTRODUCTION TO PARALEGALISM:
PERSPECTIVES, PROBLEMS AND
SKILLS QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025/2026
LetterAofANonengagementA-
AcorrectAanswersAAletterAsentAtoAaAprospectiveAclientAthatAexplicitlyAstatesAthatAtheAlawAofficeA


willAnotAbeArepresentingAhimAorAher.AstatuteAofAlimitationsAA

Time-BarredA-
AcorrectAanswers(1)APreventedAorAbarredAfromAbringingAaAcivilAorAcriminalAactionAbecauseAofAt


heApassageAofAaAdesignatedAperiodAofAtimeAwithoutAcommencingAtheAaction.A(2)ABeingAunable
AtoAsueAbecauseAofAtheAstatuteAofAlimitations.



BundledAlegalAservicesA-AcorrectAanswersAllAtasksAneededAtoArepresentAaAclient;Aall-
inclusiveAlegalAservices.

UnbundledAlegalAservicesA-
AcorrectAanswersDiscreteAtaskArepresentationAforAwhichAtheAclientAisAchargedAperAtaskAasAoppo


sedAtoApayingAaAsingleAfeeAforAallAtasksAtoAbeAperformed.AAlsoAcalledAlimited-
scopeArepresentation.

AlternativeADisputeAResolutionA(ADR)A-
AcorrectAanswersAAmethodAofApracticingAlawAinAwhichAtheAattorneysArefuseAtoAcontinueArepres


entingAtheApartiesAifAtheyAcannotAsettleAtheirAdisputeAthroughAmediationAorAotherAmethodAofA
alternativeAdisputeAresolutionA(ADR).

CollaborativeALawA-
AcorrectAanswersAAmethodAofApracticingAlawAinAwhichAtheAattorneysArefuseAtoAcontinueArepres


entingAtheApartiesAifAtheyAcannotAsettleAtheirAdisputeAthroughAmediationAorAotherAmethodAofA
alternativeAdisputeAresolutionA(ADR).

InformedAConsentA-
AcorrectAanswersAgreementAtoAletAsomethingAhappenAafterAreceivingAaAreasonableAexplanatio


nAofAtheAbenefitsAandArisksAinvolved.

ContingentAFeeA-
AcorrectAanswersAAfeeAthatAisApaidAonlyAifAtheAcaseAisAsuccessfullyAresolvedAbyAlitigationAorAsettl


ementAregardlessAofAtheAnumberAofAhoursAspentAonAtheAcase.A(TheAfeeAisAalsoAreferredAtoAasAaA
contingency.)AAAdefenseAcontingentAfeeA(alsoAcalledAaAnegativeAcontingency)AisAaAfeeAforAtheAd
efendant'sAattorneyAthatAisAdependentAonAtheAoutcomeAofAtheAcase.

, AntitrustALawA-
AcorrectAanswersTheAlawAgoverningAunlawfulAinterferencesAwithAcompetitionAsuchAasAthrough


ApriceAfixing,Amonopolies,AandAotherArestraintsAofAtrade.



FeeASplittingA-
AcorrectAanswers(1)ATheAdivisionAorAsplittingAofAaAsingleAclient'sAfeeAbetweenAtwoAorAmoreAatto


rneysAwhoAareAnotAinAtheAsameAfirm.A(2)ATheAdivisionAorAsplittingAofAaAfeeAbetweenAanAattorne
yAandAaAnonattorney.AAlsoAcalledAfeeAsharing,AdivisionAofAfees.

ForwardingAFeeA-
AcorrectAanswersAAfeeAreceivedAbyAoneAattorneyAfromAanotherAtoAwhomAtheAfirstAattorneyAref


erredAaAclient.AAlsoAcalledAfinder'sAfee,AreferralAfee.

AmericanARuleA-
AcorrectAanswersEachApartyApaysAhisAorAherAownAattorneyAfeesAregardlessAofAwhoAwinsAtheAcas


e.

Statutory-feeACasesA-
AcorrectAanswersAAcaseAapplyingAaAspecialAstatuteAthatAgivesAaAjudgeAauthorityAtoAorderAtheAlo


singApartyAtoApayAtheAwinningAparty'sAfeesA(includingAparalegalAfees)AandAcosts.

EnglishARuleA-
AcorrectAanswersTheAlosingAsideAinAlitigationAmustApayAtheAwinner'sAattorneyAfees.AAlsoAcalledA


loserApays.

BlockABillingA-
AcorrectAanswersbillingAGroupingAmultipleAtasksAunderAaAsingleAtimeAchargeAratherAthanAdescri


bingAeachAtaskAseparatelyAandAassigningAtheAactualAtimeAassociatedAwithAeachAtask.ATheAtimek
eeperAentersAtheAtotalAtimeAspentAworkingAblocksAofAtasksAwithoutAitemizingAtheAtimeAspentAo
nAspecificAtasksAforAtheAcase.

PaddingA-
AcorrectAanswersAddingAsomethingAwithoutAjustification;AaddingAunnecessaryAmaterialAinAord


erAtoAmakeAsomethingAlarger.

TimeAPaddingA-
AcorrectAanswersInflatingAaAclient'sAbillAbyAchargingAforAtimeAthatAwasAnotAspent.



TaskAPaddingA-
AcorrectAanswersInflatingAaAclient'sAbillAbyAchargingAforAtasksAthatAwereAnotAperformed.



ClientASecurityAFundA-
AcorrectAanswersAAfundA(oftenArunAbyAaAbarAassociationAorAfoundation)AusedAtoAcompensateAvi


ctimsAofAdesignatedAkindsAofAattorneyAmisconduct.