HUSH MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW
Pueblo - Answers :A group of Native American peoples- descendants of the Anasazi-
inhabiting the deserts of the Southwest
Hohokam - Answers :A Native American group that lived in the valleys of the Salt and
Gila rivers (in what is now Arizona) from about 300 B.C to 1400 A.D
Anasazi - Answers :A Native American group that lived on the mesa tops, cliff sides ,
and canyon bottoms of the Four Corners region (where the present day states of
Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah meet) from about 100 A.D to 1300
Crusades - Answers :A series of Christian military expeditions to the Middle East
between A.D 1096 and 1270, intended to drive the Muslims from the Holy Land
Atlantic Slave Trade - Answers :Devastate many African societies, which lost many of
their fittest members. Before the slave trade ended in the 1800s, it would drain Africa of
at least 12 million people
Also called "The Middle Passage" was was apart of the Columbian Exchange
Columbus voyage - Answers :Christopher Columbus traveled from nation to nation with
his own collection of maps and figures. Columbus believed there was an even shorter
route to Asia—one that lay west across the Atlantic. Christopher Columbus reached
American shores in 1492.
European societies - Answers :European communities were based on social hierarchy,
that is, they were organized according to rank. Monarchs and nobles held most of the
wealth and power at the top of the hierarchy. At the bottom labored the peasants, who
constituted the majority of the people. The nobility offered their peasants land and
protection. In return, the peasants supplied the nobles with livestock or crops—and
sometimes with military service.
Within the social structure, few individuals moved beyond the position into which they
were born. Europeans generally accepted their lot as part of a larger order ordained by
God and reflected in the natural world. One group that did experience social mobility
was composed of artisans and merchants, the people who created and traded goods for
money. Although this group was relatively small in the 1400s, the profit they earned
from trade would eventually make them a valuable source of tax revenue. Monarchs
needed them to finance costly overseas exploration and expansion.
African societies - Answers :From about 600 to 1600, a succession of empires—first
Ghana, then Mali, and beginning in the mid-1400s, Songhai (sông′hi′)—gained power
and wealth by controlling the trans-Sahara trade. The rulers of these empires grew
enormously rich by taxing the goods that passed through their realms.
, In the 1400s one of these kingdoms, Benin, dominated a large region around the Niger
Delta. Leading the expansion was a powerful oba (ruler) named Ewuare. Stories that
have been passed down to the present day recall Ewuare's triumphs in the mid-1400s.
Within another stretch of rain forest, in West Central Africa, the powerful kingdom of
Kongo arose on the lower Zaire (Congo) River. In the late 1400s, Kongo consisted of a
series of small kingdoms ruled by a single leader called the Manikongo, who lived in
what is today Angola.
West African Slaves - Answers :The peoples of West Africa and Europe knew little of
each other before the 1400s. This situation began to change as Portuguese mariners
made trading contacts along the West African coast. By the 1470s, Portuguese traders
had established an outpost on the West African coast near the large Akan goldfields,
the source of much West African gold. Other trading outposts soon followed. These
early contacts between West Africans and Portuguese traders would have two
significant consequences for West Africa and the Americas. First, direct trade between
the Portuguese and the coastal peoples of West Africa bypassed the old trade routes
across the Sahara and pulled the coastal region into a closer relationship with Europe.
Second, the Portuguese began the European trade in West African slaves.
Encomienda System - Answers :A system in which Spanish authorities ranted colonial
landlords the service of Native Americans as forced laborers
Rhode Island - Answers :1636 by Roger Williams and others, at Providence
Agriculture (livestock, dairy, fishing), Manufacturing (lumbering)
Connecticut - Answers :1636 by Thomas Hooker and others, at Hartford
Agriculture (wheat, corn, fishing)
Massachusetts - Answers :1630 by John Winthrop and others, at Massachusetts Bay
Agriculture (fishing, corn, livestock), Manufacturing (lumbering, shipbuilding)
New Hampshire - Answers :1638 by John Wheelwright and others
Agriculture (potatoes, fishing), Manufacturing (textiles, shipbuilding)
Delaware - Answers :1638 by Peter Minuit and others
Agriculture (fishing), Manufacturing (lumbering)
Pennsylvania - Answers :1682 by William Penn and others, at Philadelphia
Agriculture (wheat, corn, cattle, dairy), Manufacturing (textiles, papermaking,
shipbuilding)
New York - Answers :1626 by Peter Minuit and others, on Manhattan Island
Manufacturing (shipbuilding, iron works), Agriculture (cattle, grain, rice, indigo, wheat)
New Jersey - Answers :1664 by English colonists
Pueblo - Answers :A group of Native American peoples- descendants of the Anasazi-
inhabiting the deserts of the Southwest
Hohokam - Answers :A Native American group that lived in the valleys of the Salt and
Gila rivers (in what is now Arizona) from about 300 B.C to 1400 A.D
Anasazi - Answers :A Native American group that lived on the mesa tops, cliff sides ,
and canyon bottoms of the Four Corners region (where the present day states of
Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah meet) from about 100 A.D to 1300
Crusades - Answers :A series of Christian military expeditions to the Middle East
between A.D 1096 and 1270, intended to drive the Muslims from the Holy Land
Atlantic Slave Trade - Answers :Devastate many African societies, which lost many of
their fittest members. Before the slave trade ended in the 1800s, it would drain Africa of
at least 12 million people
Also called "The Middle Passage" was was apart of the Columbian Exchange
Columbus voyage - Answers :Christopher Columbus traveled from nation to nation with
his own collection of maps and figures. Columbus believed there was an even shorter
route to Asia—one that lay west across the Atlantic. Christopher Columbus reached
American shores in 1492.
European societies - Answers :European communities were based on social hierarchy,
that is, they were organized according to rank. Monarchs and nobles held most of the
wealth and power at the top of the hierarchy. At the bottom labored the peasants, who
constituted the majority of the people. The nobility offered their peasants land and
protection. In return, the peasants supplied the nobles with livestock or crops—and
sometimes with military service.
Within the social structure, few individuals moved beyond the position into which they
were born. Europeans generally accepted their lot as part of a larger order ordained by
God and reflected in the natural world. One group that did experience social mobility
was composed of artisans and merchants, the people who created and traded goods for
money. Although this group was relatively small in the 1400s, the profit they earned
from trade would eventually make them a valuable source of tax revenue. Monarchs
needed them to finance costly overseas exploration and expansion.
African societies - Answers :From about 600 to 1600, a succession of empires—first
Ghana, then Mali, and beginning in the mid-1400s, Songhai (sông′hi′)—gained power
and wealth by controlling the trans-Sahara trade. The rulers of these empires grew
enormously rich by taxing the goods that passed through their realms.
, In the 1400s one of these kingdoms, Benin, dominated a large region around the Niger
Delta. Leading the expansion was a powerful oba (ruler) named Ewuare. Stories that
have been passed down to the present day recall Ewuare's triumphs in the mid-1400s.
Within another stretch of rain forest, in West Central Africa, the powerful kingdom of
Kongo arose on the lower Zaire (Congo) River. In the late 1400s, Kongo consisted of a
series of small kingdoms ruled by a single leader called the Manikongo, who lived in
what is today Angola.
West African Slaves - Answers :The peoples of West Africa and Europe knew little of
each other before the 1400s. This situation began to change as Portuguese mariners
made trading contacts along the West African coast. By the 1470s, Portuguese traders
had established an outpost on the West African coast near the large Akan goldfields,
the source of much West African gold. Other trading outposts soon followed. These
early contacts between West Africans and Portuguese traders would have two
significant consequences for West Africa and the Americas. First, direct trade between
the Portuguese and the coastal peoples of West Africa bypassed the old trade routes
across the Sahara and pulled the coastal region into a closer relationship with Europe.
Second, the Portuguese began the European trade in West African slaves.
Encomienda System - Answers :A system in which Spanish authorities ranted colonial
landlords the service of Native Americans as forced laborers
Rhode Island - Answers :1636 by Roger Williams and others, at Providence
Agriculture (livestock, dairy, fishing), Manufacturing (lumbering)
Connecticut - Answers :1636 by Thomas Hooker and others, at Hartford
Agriculture (wheat, corn, fishing)
Massachusetts - Answers :1630 by John Winthrop and others, at Massachusetts Bay
Agriculture (fishing, corn, livestock), Manufacturing (lumbering, shipbuilding)
New Hampshire - Answers :1638 by John Wheelwright and others
Agriculture (potatoes, fishing), Manufacturing (textiles, shipbuilding)
Delaware - Answers :1638 by Peter Minuit and others
Agriculture (fishing), Manufacturing (lumbering)
Pennsylvania - Answers :1682 by William Penn and others, at Philadelphia
Agriculture (wheat, corn, cattle, dairy), Manufacturing (textiles, papermaking,
shipbuilding)
New York - Answers :1626 by Peter Minuit and others, on Manhattan Island
Manufacturing (shipbuilding, iron works), Agriculture (cattle, grain, rice, indigo, wheat)
New Jersey - Answers :1664 by English colonists
