Educational_Psychology_and_Development_of_Children_
and_Adolescents_D307_Study_Guide
1. Piaget Believed we learn from interaction with peers and
environment
2. Preconventional All about me
3. Conventional All about rules or laws
4. Postconventional All about others
5. Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development- Preconventional, Con-
ventional, Postconventional
6. Chomsky Theory of Universal Grammar- Innate/Biological
7. Babbling- 6 to 8 months Consonant-vowel combinations (ba-ba, ma-ma)
8. Holophrastic- 9 to 18 months Single words represent a sentence (up, juice, mine)
9. Two-Word- 18 to 24 months Mini sentences (doggy bark, me play)
10. Telegraphic- 24 to 30 months Vocabulary increases. Use mostly nouns and verbs,
omits auxiliary words (Carrie want ball, I good boy
today)- early multiword stage
11. Later multiword stage- 30+ months 5+ word sentences, fastest vocabulary increase. Sen-
tences formed with improving grammar, structure
12. Skinner Operant conditioning and language development-
children learn language based on reinforcement
13. Operant Conditioning and Language Children learn language based on reinforcement,
Development learn language through imitating, prompting, shap-
ing, they associate words with meanings, correct ut-
terances are positively reinforced- Skinner
1/6
, 14. Vygotsky Social approach to language development
15. Social Approach to Language Devel- language develops through social interactions, chil-
opment dren need interpersonal interactions, Zone of Proxi-
mal Development (ZPD), sca�olding (temp support),
Private speech (talking to yourself)
16. Spearman General intelligence (g factor)
17. Thurnstone 7 factor intelligence
18. Sternberg successful intelligence
19. Gardner Multiple intelligences
20. Behavioral theory teacher directed, basic skills, direct instruction, im-
mediate feedback & correction, reinforcement- pos-
itive/negative, punishment- time-out, shaping, token
economy, computer-based tutorials
21. Constructivist Theory Student-centered, building knowledge, lego
builders, build schema- student constructs own
knowledge, real world, learn from others, sca�olding,
ZPD, project based learning, virtual learning
22. Cooperative Collaborative Theory learning together, social butter ies, interacting,
mixed groups, encourage each other, individual ac-
countability, equal opportunity for success, model so-
cial behaviors
23. Information-processing/Social Cog- Memory, metacognitive knowledge, sensory register,
nitive working memory, Self-regulation/control, modeling,
2/6
and_Adolescents_D307_Study_Guide
1. Piaget Believed we learn from interaction with peers and
environment
2. Preconventional All about me
3. Conventional All about rules or laws
4. Postconventional All about others
5. Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development- Preconventional, Con-
ventional, Postconventional
6. Chomsky Theory of Universal Grammar- Innate/Biological
7. Babbling- 6 to 8 months Consonant-vowel combinations (ba-ba, ma-ma)
8. Holophrastic- 9 to 18 months Single words represent a sentence (up, juice, mine)
9. Two-Word- 18 to 24 months Mini sentences (doggy bark, me play)
10. Telegraphic- 24 to 30 months Vocabulary increases. Use mostly nouns and verbs,
omits auxiliary words (Carrie want ball, I good boy
today)- early multiword stage
11. Later multiword stage- 30+ months 5+ word sentences, fastest vocabulary increase. Sen-
tences formed with improving grammar, structure
12. Skinner Operant conditioning and language development-
children learn language based on reinforcement
13. Operant Conditioning and Language Children learn language based on reinforcement,
Development learn language through imitating, prompting, shap-
ing, they associate words with meanings, correct ut-
terances are positively reinforced- Skinner
1/6
, 14. Vygotsky Social approach to language development
15. Social Approach to Language Devel- language develops through social interactions, chil-
opment dren need interpersonal interactions, Zone of Proxi-
mal Development (ZPD), sca�olding (temp support),
Private speech (talking to yourself)
16. Spearman General intelligence (g factor)
17. Thurnstone 7 factor intelligence
18. Sternberg successful intelligence
19. Gardner Multiple intelligences
20. Behavioral theory teacher directed, basic skills, direct instruction, im-
mediate feedback & correction, reinforcement- pos-
itive/negative, punishment- time-out, shaping, token
economy, computer-based tutorials
21. Constructivist Theory Student-centered, building knowledge, lego
builders, build schema- student constructs own
knowledge, real world, learn from others, sca�olding,
ZPD, project based learning, virtual learning
22. Cooperative Collaborative Theory learning together, social butter ies, interacting,
mixed groups, encourage each other, individual ac-
countability, equal opportunity for success, model so-
cial behaviors
23. Information-processing/Social Cog- Memory, metacognitive knowledge, sensory register,
nitive working memory, Self-regulation/control, modeling,
2/6
