SOUTH AFRICAN AIR LAW STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTION GRADED A+
✔✔Certification of Airmen - Category of Aircraft - ✔✔Airplane, Rotorcraft, Glider, Lighter
than Air
✔✔Certification of Airmen - Class of Aircraft - ✔✔Single Engine Land
Single Engine Sea
Multi Engine Land
Multi Engine Sea
✔✔Certification of Aircraft - Category of Aircraft - ✔✔Normal, Utility, Aerobatic
✔✔Certification of Aircraft - Class of Aircraft - ✔✔Airplane, Rotorcraft, Glider, Lighter
than Air
✔✔Governing Body of the Philippines - ✔✔Department of Transport and
Communication
-Air Transportation Office (1987)
-Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (2008)
✔✔Licensing of Airmen - ✔✔Administrative Order #60 (PCAR 1)
- Governing the licensing of airmen and any reference to the said title shall mean as
referring to this Administrative Order
✔✔SPL requirements - ✔✔Age - 16 years old
Citizenship - Filipino or qualified citizen of foreign country granting similar rights
Education - Can read, write, speak and understand English
Medical Fitness - Physical 3, Visual 3, Color Perception 2, Hearing 4
✔✔PPL requirements - ✔✔Age - 17 years old
Citizenship - Filipino or qualified citizen of foreign country granting similar rights
Education - Can read, write, speak and understand English
Knowledge - written exam by CAAP
Medical - Class 1 or 2
✔✔PPL Experience - ✔✔atleast 40 hours flight time
atleast 20 hours solo time with FI supervision
atleast 20 hours dual time instruction
atleast 8 hours solo cross-country with atleast 150 nm
✔✔CAAP creation - ✔✔Created through RA 9497 on March 4, 2008
, ✔✔Territorial Application of Rules of the Air - ✔✔- shall apply to all a/c bearing the PH
nationality and registration wherever they may be to the extent that they do not conflict
with the rules of the air of other states
- shall apply to a/c of foreign registry operating within the territory of the PH
✔✔Regulations applicability - ✔✔- shall apply to all persons operating in the Philippines
- PH registered a/c
- a/c registered in another contracting state operated by a person licensed by the PH
✔✔SPL general limitation - ✔✔may not carry passenger, or an international flight, or for
compensation or hire, or in furtherance of a business
✔✔SPL flight area limitations - ✔✔shall not fly outside local flying area designated by FI
until:
- atleast 10 hours solo or (8 hours) if enrolled in and receiving flight instruction from an
approved flying school
- spl has been endorsed appropriately by administrator or FI
✔✔SPL Aircraft Limitations - ✔✔shall not pilot other a/c than that of the category and
class type in his spl
✔✔SPL recent experience - ✔✔student pilot who has not pilot a powered a/c within 90
days shall not pilot such aircraft in solo flight until he passed a flight check by a rated FI
✔✔Duties of PIC - ✔✔- responsible for operation and safety of the a/c and people on
board
- ensure flight check system is complied
- responsible to notify CAAP asap about any accident involving the a/c resulting to injury
or death of any person or damage to a/c or property
- responsible for reporting all suspected defects in the a/c to the operator at the
termination of flight
✔✔Requirements for First Solo - ✔✔-passed written examination : PCAR, airframes and
powerplant, emergency procedures, basic ATC procedures, flight procedures and check
- competent and endorsed by FI (atleast 8 hours dual flight)
- given instructions in the prevention of and recovery of power-on and power-off stall
✔✔15-30 days - ✔✔Failure to use preflight cockpit checklist
✔✔15-60 days - ✔✔Hard Landing
✔✔15-120 days - ✔✔Operations without required clearance
✔✔30-60 days - ✔✔Failure to adhere to taxi clearance and instruction
Taxiing with passenger standing
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTION GRADED A+
✔✔Certification of Airmen - Category of Aircraft - ✔✔Airplane, Rotorcraft, Glider, Lighter
than Air
✔✔Certification of Airmen - Class of Aircraft - ✔✔Single Engine Land
Single Engine Sea
Multi Engine Land
Multi Engine Sea
✔✔Certification of Aircraft - Category of Aircraft - ✔✔Normal, Utility, Aerobatic
✔✔Certification of Aircraft - Class of Aircraft - ✔✔Airplane, Rotorcraft, Glider, Lighter
than Air
✔✔Governing Body of the Philippines - ✔✔Department of Transport and
Communication
-Air Transportation Office (1987)
-Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (2008)
✔✔Licensing of Airmen - ✔✔Administrative Order #60 (PCAR 1)
- Governing the licensing of airmen and any reference to the said title shall mean as
referring to this Administrative Order
✔✔SPL requirements - ✔✔Age - 16 years old
Citizenship - Filipino or qualified citizen of foreign country granting similar rights
Education - Can read, write, speak and understand English
Medical Fitness - Physical 3, Visual 3, Color Perception 2, Hearing 4
✔✔PPL requirements - ✔✔Age - 17 years old
Citizenship - Filipino or qualified citizen of foreign country granting similar rights
Education - Can read, write, speak and understand English
Knowledge - written exam by CAAP
Medical - Class 1 or 2
✔✔PPL Experience - ✔✔atleast 40 hours flight time
atleast 20 hours solo time with FI supervision
atleast 20 hours dual time instruction
atleast 8 hours solo cross-country with atleast 150 nm
✔✔CAAP creation - ✔✔Created through RA 9497 on March 4, 2008
, ✔✔Territorial Application of Rules of the Air - ✔✔- shall apply to all a/c bearing the PH
nationality and registration wherever they may be to the extent that they do not conflict
with the rules of the air of other states
- shall apply to a/c of foreign registry operating within the territory of the PH
✔✔Regulations applicability - ✔✔- shall apply to all persons operating in the Philippines
- PH registered a/c
- a/c registered in another contracting state operated by a person licensed by the PH
✔✔SPL general limitation - ✔✔may not carry passenger, or an international flight, or for
compensation or hire, or in furtherance of a business
✔✔SPL flight area limitations - ✔✔shall not fly outside local flying area designated by FI
until:
- atleast 10 hours solo or (8 hours) if enrolled in and receiving flight instruction from an
approved flying school
- spl has been endorsed appropriately by administrator or FI
✔✔SPL Aircraft Limitations - ✔✔shall not pilot other a/c than that of the category and
class type in his spl
✔✔SPL recent experience - ✔✔student pilot who has not pilot a powered a/c within 90
days shall not pilot such aircraft in solo flight until he passed a flight check by a rated FI
✔✔Duties of PIC - ✔✔- responsible for operation and safety of the a/c and people on
board
- ensure flight check system is complied
- responsible to notify CAAP asap about any accident involving the a/c resulting to injury
or death of any person or damage to a/c or property
- responsible for reporting all suspected defects in the a/c to the operator at the
termination of flight
✔✔Requirements for First Solo - ✔✔-passed written examination : PCAR, airframes and
powerplant, emergency procedures, basic ATC procedures, flight procedures and check
- competent and endorsed by FI (atleast 8 hours dual flight)
- given instructions in the prevention of and recovery of power-on and power-off stall
✔✔15-30 days - ✔✔Failure to use preflight cockpit checklist
✔✔15-60 days - ✔✔Hard Landing
✔✔15-120 days - ✔✔Operations without required clearance
✔✔30-60 days - ✔✔Failure to adhere to taxi clearance and instruction
Taxiing with passenger standing
