Psych 2050 Chapter 1 Test Bank Exam Questions with Correct Answers.

Psych 2050 Chapter 1 Test Bank Exam Questions with Correct Answers Modern technology has provided us with many time-saving devices, but a. most of us don't use them. b. they cost too much for most of us. c. they never seem to work as advertised. d. we still complain about not having enough ti - Correct Answers: we still complain about not having enough time In spite of countless time-saving devices—automobiles, telephones, photocopiers, fax machines, and so on—most of us complain about a relative lack of a. time. b. money. c. information. d. work - Correct Answers: time Modern Western society has made extraordinary technological progress a. and therefore, has seen decreases in social problems. b. but social and personal problems seem more prevalent and more prominent than ever before. c. and therefore, has seen a boom in time spent engaging in leisure activities. d. but social and personal problems are just as prevalent as they were in the past. - Correct Answers: but social and personal problems seem more prevalent and more prominent than ever before According to Schwartz, increased freedom of choice available in modern societies a. has resulted in improved mental health. b. has enhanced tranquility. c. has led to fewer postdecision regrets. d. has contributed to depression and anxiety. - Correct Answers: has contributed to depression and anxiety Technology has enabled humankind to exercise unprecedented control over many aspects of the physical world but at the same time has also created serious a. environmental problems. b. microscopic defects. c. medical costs. d. under-consumption. - Correct Answers: environment problems __________________ refers to the idea that technological advances have NOT led to perceptible improvement in our collective health and happiness. a. Information anxiety b. Technology overload c. The paradox of progress d. The point/counterpoint phenomenon - Correct Answers: the paradox of progress Many theorists believe that the basic challenge of modern life has become the search for a. cultural significance. b. a healthy leisure activity. c. meaning or a sense of direction. d. a significant other to share one's life. - Correct Answers: meaning or a sense of direction According to social critics, all of the following are examples of the search for direction gone awry except a. enrollment in "self-realization" programs. b. the desire to spend more time with loved ones. c. joining cults and unorthodox religious groups. d. the popularity of media figures such as Dr. Laura. - Correct Answers: the desire to spend more time with loved ones Most experts characterize "self-realization" programs (e.g., est training, Silva Mind Control) as a. intellectually stimulating. b. intellectually bankrupt. c. spiritually revitalizing. d. spiritually self-defeating. - Correct Answers: intellectually bankrupt While the famous radio talk show host Dr. Laura is a licensed Marriage, Family, and Child Counselor, she holds a doctoral degree in a. psychology. b. social work. c. physiology. d. psychiatry. ANS: c REF: 5 - Correct Answers: physiology Surveys exploring psychotherapists' opinions of self-help books suggest a. there are some excellent books that offer authentic insight and sound advice. b. there are some good books that offer adequate insight and advice. c. there are some excellent books that offer good general advice, but very few that offer good specific advice for particular problems. d. psychotherapists don't endorse the use of self-help books because it's bad for business. - Correct Answers: there are some excellent books that offer authentic insight and sound advice "Psychobabble" is best defined as a. professional psychological terminology. b. textbook definitions. c. ill-defined terminology. d. technical terminology. - Correct Answers: ill-defined terminology Many self-help books a. encourage a narcissistic approach to life. b. encourage a focus on other people. c. place others first, over the reader. d. encourage self-effacement. - Correct Answers: encourage a narcissistic approach to life In order to evaluate self-help books for ourselves, we may employ critical thinking. Which of the following is NOT a critical thinking guideline? a. Examine the evidence. b. Analyze biases and assumptions. c. Use emotional reasoning. d. Tolerate uncertainty. - Correct Answers: use emotional reasoning A high-quality self-help book will a. give advice on a wide range of problems. b. be based primarily on the author's speculations about human nature. c. not promise too much in the way of immediate change. d. always contain detailed summaries of research supporting the advice given. - Correct Answers: not promise too much in the way of immediate change Which of the following should you look for in self-help books? a. Clarity in communication b. Focus on a particular kind of problem c. Some mention of the theoretical or research basis for the advice d. All of these - Correct Answers: all of these You can reasonably expect some assistance from a book that is intended to help you to a. lose 20 pounds every month. b. learn to eat more healthily and gradually include more exercise in your weekly routine. c. build muscle overnight. d. find the thin person trapped inside of you. - Correct Answers: learn to eat more healthily and gradually include more exercise in your weekly routine This text assumes the key to effective adjustment is to a. take charge of your own life. b. meet problems head-on. c. take an active role in improving the quality of your life. d. all of these. - Correct Answers: all of these Which of the following is NOT one of the underlying assumptions of this textbook? a. You can only change your behavior by consulting a professional psychologist. b. The key to effective adjustment is to take charge of your own life. c. Critical thinking involves a skeptical attitude. d. Knowledge of psychological principles may be of value in everyday life. - Correct Answers: you can only change your behaviour by consulting a professional psychologist Which of the following are essential guidelines for thinking critically? 1. Define the problem. 2. Avoid emotional reasoning. 3. Analyze biases and assumptions. 4. Use either-or thinking a. 1 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 1, 2, and 3 only d. 1, 2, 3, and 4 ANS: c REF: 10 - Correct Answers: c. 1,2 and 3 only Which of the following is the best definition of psychology? a. The study of consciousness b. The study of behavior and the profession that applies knowledge from these studies to solving practical problems c. The study of abnormal behavior and the profession that applies knowledge from these studies to diagnosing and treating people with mental illness d. The study of motivation, emotion, and memory - Correct Answers: the study of behaviour and the profession that applies knowledge from these studies to solving practical problems Which of the following is the best example of "overt" activity? a. Eating b. Thinking c. Dreaming d. Reasoning ANS: a REF: 10 - Correct Answers: eating "Any overt response or activity by an organism" defines the term a. behavior. b. empiricism. c. psychology. d. mental process. - Correct Answers: behaviour Some psychologists prefer to study animals rather than humans mainly because a. animal subjects tend to be more cooperative than humans. b. it's easier to control the factors influencing animals' behavior. c. researchers do not have to worry about causing discomfort to animals. d. most animals are unable to figure out the hypotheses for a particular study. - Correct Answers: it's easier to control the factors influencing animals behaviour Until the 1950s, psychologists were found almost exclusively in a. private industry. b. academic institutions. c. mental health facilities. d. the psychiatric wards of hospitals. - Correct Answers: academic institutions Clinical psychology is primarily concerned with a. discovering the mechanisms of learning. b. the physiological processes involved in behavior. c. research dealing with the structure of consciousness. d. the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems. - Correct Answers: the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems The rapid growth of clinical psychology was stimulated mainly by a. the demands of World War II. b. growing interest in self-help approaches. c. the inability of physicians to cure most psychological disorders. d. psychological problems resulting from the Great Depression of the 1930s. - Correct Answers: the demands of world war 2 The term __________ refers to the psychological processes through which people manage or cope with the demands and challenges of everyday life. a. adaptation b. adjustment c. personality d. mental health ANS: b REF: 11 - Correct Answers: adjustment The process of adjustment relates to a. how people deal with stress. b. behavior in groups. c. friendship and love. d. all of these. - Correct Answers: all of these ______________ is the premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation. a. Self-help b. Codependence c. Empiricism d. Subjectivism - Correct Answers: emiricism Which of the following does NOT represent an empirical technique? a. Watching people engage in a learning activity b. Weighing rats after two months of a special diet c. Gauging the speed with which a patient performs a fine motor activity d. Speculating about the factors that are related to human happiness - Correct Answers: speculating about the factors that are related to human happiness Which of the following is the basis of empiricism? a. Correlation b. Logic c. Systematic observation d. Common sense - Correct Answers: systematic observation Compared to other methods of drawing conclusions about behavior, the major advantages of the scientific approach are a. emphasis on empiricism; subjectivity. b. bias; ability to generalize the findings. c. clarity and precision; relative intolerance of error. d. freedom to make value judgments; use of statistics. - Correct Answers: clarity and precision; relative intolerance of error According to your text, the two main types of research methods in psychology are ______ research methods and ______ research methods. a. biased; unbiased b. experimental; control c. dependent; independent d. experimental; correlational - Correct Answers: experimental; correlational An experiment is a research method in which the investigator manipulates the ______variable and observes whether any changes occur in a(n) ______ variable as a result. a. control; experimental b. experimental; control c. independent; dependent d. dependent; independent - Correct Answers: independent; dependent Social psychologist Stanley Schachter hypothesized that increases in anxiety would cause increases in desire to be with others. In this study, the independent variable was a. level of anxiety. b. desire to be with others. c. anxious subjects. d. affiliation. - Correct Answers: level of anxiety A condition or event that an experimenter varies to see its impact on another variable is called a(n) ______ variable. a. control b. dependent c. independent d. experimental - Correct Answers: independent A measurement of some aspect of the subject's behavior after the experimental manipulation is called a(n) ______ variable. a. control b. dependent c. independent d. experimental - Correct Answers: dependent A researcher wants to determine whether diet causes children to learn better in school. In this study, the independent variable is a. the children. b. the type of diet. c. the age of the children. d. a measure of learning. - Correct Answers: the type of diet A researcher wants to examine the effects of caffeine consumption on memory ability. In this study, the dependent variable is a. the children. b. memory ability. c. caffeine consumption. d. the grade level of the children. - Correct Answers: memory ability An experimental group consists of subjects who a. are unaware of the purpose of the study. b. merely act as if they are unaware of the purpose. c. receive some special treatment in regard to the dependent variable. d. receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable. - Correct Answers: receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable A control group consists of subjects who a. are controlled by the experimenter. b. are allowed to control the manipulation of the variables. c. do not receive the special treatment given to the experimental group. d. receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable. - Correct Answers: do not recieve the special treatment given to the experimental group The experimental and control groups should be the same in every respect except for a. the number of subjects in each group. b. the variation created by the manipulation of the independent variable. c. the assumptions underlying the research question. d. the method of measuring the dependent variable. - Correct Answers: the variation created by the manipulation of the independent variable Suppose a researcher wants to know whether a high-protein diet causes children to learn better in school. Half of the children in the study eat a high-protein diet while the other half eats their normal diet. The control group consists of the a. male children. b. older children. c. children who eat their normal diet. d. children who eat the high protein diet. - Correct Answers: children who eat their normal diet The logic of the experimental method rests heavily on the assumption that a. two variables are positively correlated. b. experimental and control groups are alike in all important matters except for the independent variable. c. experimental and control groups are alike in all important matters except for the dependent variable. d. the independent variable is quantifiable and measurable. - Correct Answers: experimental and control groups are alike in all important matters except for the independent variable Which of the following is the primary advantage of the experimental method? a. It lacks the ethical concerns of other methods. b. It lacks the practical concerns of other methods. c. It broadens the scope of what psychologists can study scientifically. d. It allows scientists to draw cause-and-effect conclusions. - Correct Answers: it allows scientists to draw cause-and-effect conclusions Dr. Brill randomly assigns 100 test-anxious student volunteers to either a group that will receive therapeutic touch treatment or a group that will receive a sham version of the treatment. Based on her results, Dr. Brill will have evidence of a. how well therapeutic touch works in the treatment of various mood disorders. b. how test-anxious students behave in a classroom setting. c. how effective the sham version of the treatment is. d. whether or not therapeutic touch may cause an alleviation of symptoms of test anxiety. - Correct Answers: whether or not therapeutic touch may cause an alleviation of symptoms of test anxiety Which of the following best describes correlational research? a. Exerting experimental control b. Manipulating an independent variable c. Manipulating a dependent variable d. Making systematic observations - Correct Answers: making systematic observations A correlation exists when a. two variables are related to each other. b. two variables have the same underlying cause. c. two variables are affected by a third variable. d. a cause-and-effect relationship exists between two variables. - Correct Answers: two variables are related to each other A(n) ___________ is a numerical index of the degree of relationship between two variables. a. independent variable b. correlation coefficient c. survey coefficient d. experimental coefficient - Correct Answers: correlation coefficient A correlation coefficient indicates the __________ and the ___________ of the relationship between two variables. a. cause; effect b. control; manipulation c. strength; direction d. positive; negative - Correct Answers: strength; direction The definitive aspect of correlational studies is that a. a causal relationship exists between the variables. b. researchers cannot control the variables under study. c. the subjects must constitute a representative sample. d. control of one variable interferes with control of another variable. - Correct Answers: researchers cannot control the variables under study A positive correlation coefficient indicates the two variables covary in the __________ and a negative coefficient indicates that the variables covary ____________. a. same direction; in the opposite direction b. opposite direction; directly c. same direction; directly d. opposite direction; in the same direction - Correct Answers: same direction; in the opposite direction Mario found a +0.80 correlation coefficient between height and diet. He was able to conclude: a. A particular diet causes people to grow. b. People who are taller eat more. c. There is a strong relationship between height and diet. d. People should be careful what they feed their children because it could stunt their growth. - Correct Answers: there is a strong relationship between height and diet The textbook author writes, "Those who perform poorly in high school tend to perform poorly in college" as an example of a a. positive correlation. b. negative correlation. c. inverse correlation. d. indirect correlation. - Correct Answers: positive correlation A correlation coefficient of -.80 indicates a a. mild, inverse correlation. b. strong, inverse correlation. c. strong, direct correlation. d. nonexistent correlation. - Correct Answers: strong, inverse correlation Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the weakest relationship between two variables? a. -.36 b. -.97 c. +.75 d. +.15 - Correct Answers: +.15 When temperatures rise during summer in the desert, the amount of outdoor activities declines. This relationship is an example of a. a positive correlation. b. a negative correlation. c. cause and effect. d. an experiment. - Correct Answers: a negative correlation When temperatures increase during summer, ice cream sales increase. This relationship is an example of a. a positive correlation. b. a negative correlation. c. cause and effect. d. an experiment. - Correct Answers: a positive correlation A teacher takes notes while watching students on the playground to see if differences in play behavior are associated with discipline problems in class. The teacher is using which of the following research methods? a. Survey b. Case study c. Experimentation d. Naturalistic observation - Correct Answers: naturalistic observation In a case study, a. an individual participant is studied in depth. b. systematic observation is used to see if a link exists between variables. c. behavior is carefully observed without intervening directly with subjects. d. a variable is manipulated while another variable is observed for changes. - Correct Answers: an individual participant is studied in depth Case studies a. provide strong bases for developing laws of behavior. b. can provide general conclusions through consistencies between cases. c. are of little use when treating and diagnosing psychological problems. d. all of these. - Correct Answers: can provide general conclusions through consistencies between cases Suppose a researcher gave you a questionnaire to fill out about your attitudes on abortion, school prayer, and drug legalization. This researcher is using which of the following research methods? a. Experiment b. Case study c. Survey d. Naturalistic observation - Correct Answers: survey Survey studies show a positive correlation between marital satisfaction and sexual satisfaction. This indicates that a. a healthy marriage causes good sex. b. good sex promotes healthy marriages. c. couples who have a high marital satisfaction are more likely to have high sexual satisfaction than couples who have a low marital satisfaction. d. marital satisfaction is not related to sexual satisfaction. - Correct Answers: couples who have a high marital satisfaction are more likely to have sexual satisfaction than couples who have a low marital satisfaction Correlational research broadens the scope of phenomena beyond experimental research because it a. allows investigators to do research outside a laboratory setting. b. provides a way to investigate variables that cannot be manipulated. c. does not require that the variables be causally related to each other. d. involves research that does not intrude into the subjects' natural settings. - Correct Answers: provides a way to investigate variables that cannot be manipulated The major disadvantage of correlational research is that it a. is costly to carry out. b. is artificial, and it is hard to apply the results to real-life settings. c. is time-consuming and impractical to manipulate variables. d. cannot demonstrate conclusively that two variables are causally related. - Correct Answers: cannot demonstrate conclusively that two variables are causally related The "third variable" problem is associated with a. the experimental method. b. the correlational method. c. the multivariate model. d. the placebo effect. - Correct Answers: the correlational method Empirical surveys consistently find that the vast majority of respondents characterize themselves as a. fairly happy. b. very unhappy. c. moderately unhappy. d. unconcerned about their personal happiness. - Correct Answers: fairly happy Research results suggest that which of the following is NOT very important in determining one's happiness? a. Parenthood c. Money b. Age d. None of these is very important - Correct Answers: none of these are very important Which of the following best characterizes the correlation between income and subjective feelings of happiness? a. Negligible b. Negative, but weak c. Positive, but weak d. Positive and strong - Correct Answers: positive, but weak Research indicates that a. people with high IQs are happier than people with low IQs. b. people with low IQs are happier than people with high IQs. c. there is no association between IQ and happiness. d. people with really high IQs and really low IQs are not as happy as people with average IQs. - Correct Answers: there is no association between IQ and happiness Research indicates that people who have heartfelt religious convictions a. are more likely to be happy than people who are non-religious. b. are less happy than people who are non-religious. c. are neither more nor less happy than people who are non-religious. d. are less happy than people who are non-religious because they have less community support. - Correct Answers: are more likely to be happy than people who are non-religious Which of the following is the best description of the relationship between health and happiness? a. Good health may not, by itself, produce happiness, because people tend to take good health for granted. b. Good health is one of the best predictors of happiness. c. Individuals who develop serious health problems have difficulty adjusting and therefore are less happy than those who are healthy. d. People born with serious health problems are happier than others because they do not take their health for granted. - Correct Answers: good health may not, by itself, produce happiness, because people tend to take good health for granted All of the following appear to have a moderate impact on subjective feelings of well-being except a. health. b. physical attractiveness. c. religious belief. d. social activity. - Correct Answers: physical attractiveness Which of the following has been found to be strongly related to overall happiness? a. Culture b. Marriage c. Income d. Physical attractiveness - Correct Answers: marriage Research indicates that a. married men are happier than married women. b. married women are happier than married men. c. both married men and women are happier than unmarried men and women. d. both unmarried men and women are happier than married men and women. - Correct Answers: both married men and women are happier than unmarried men and women The authors suggest that we should be careful about drawing conclusions about causes of happiness because a. they would not be based on empirical evidence. b. they would be based on experimental data. c. they would be based on correlational data. d. they have been found to be invalid by some researchers. - Correct Answers: they would be based on correlational data An important insight that can be drawn from the research on happiness is that a. money can buy happiness. b. attractive people are generally happy people. c. objective realities are not as important as subjective feelings. d. collectivist cultures are happier than individualistic cultures. - Correct Answers: objective realities are not as important as subjective feelings ______________ occurs when people shift their own mental scale and change the baseline for comparisons of their own circumstances with those of other people. a. Codependency b. Empiricism c. Subjectivism d. Hedonic adaptation - Correct Answers: hedonic adaption Research indicates that hedonic adaptation a. probably helps protect mental and physical health. b. hinders mental health but does not affect physical health. c. is detrimental to physical but not mental health. d. has a negative effect on both mental and physical - Correct Answers: probably helps protect mental and physical health A good place to study is one a. where you can listen to music while studying. b. that changes occasionally, to provide variety. c. that is associated with pleasant activities, like eating. d. that minimizes demands on your willpower to avoid distractions. - Correct Answers: that minimizes demands on your willpower to avoid distraction When you reward yourself for meeting realistic study goals, you're using the principles of a. hedonic adaptation. b. classical conditioning. c. behavior modification. d. systematic desensitization. - Correct Answers: behaviour modification In setting up a schedule for studying, you should a. allow time for study breaks. b. develop a new set of priorities each day. c. try to get the simple, routine tasks out of the way first. d. avoid the temptation to break up major assignments into smaller parts. - Correct Answers: allow time for study breaks In order for your reading to be effective, it must be done a. with a lot of highlighting. b. by active processing. c. by ignoring the chapter outline. d. by skipping over the textbook learning aids. - Correct Answers: by active processing Which of the following is NOT involved in improving your reading? a. Read the chapter straight through repeatedly. b. Consult the chapter outline or summary. c. Look over the topic headings in a chapter. d. Highlight the main ideas and technical terms. - Correct Answers: read the chapter straight through repeatedly Which of the following is consistent with the information presented in the textbook regarding class attendance? a. Among successful students (grade average B or better), class attendance did not seem to matter. b. Among unsuccessful students (grade average C- or below), class attendance did not seem to matter. c. Even when an instructor delivers hard-to-follow lectures, it is important for all students to go to class. d. It is only important for all students to go to class when instructors provide well-organized lectures. - Correct Answers: even when an instructor delivers hard-to-follow lectures, it's important for all students to go to class Most students record ______ of the crucial ideas in a lecture. a. less than 90% b. less than 70% c. less than 40% d. less than 10% - Correct Answers: less than 40% Which one of the following is NOT included in active listening? a. Focusing attention on the speaker b. Asking those around you for clarification c. Anticipating what is coming next in the lecture d. Paying attention to the speaker's nonverbal signals - Correct Answers: asking those around you for clarification When course material is especially difficult, it is a good idea to prepare for lectures by a. reading ahead on the subject of the lecture. b. asking fellow classmates to explain the material to you. c. writing down questions that you can ask the instructor later. d. writing down exact words the instructor says. - Correct Answers: reading ahead on the subject of the lecture A good reason for taking notes in your own words, rather than verbatim, is that a. most lecturers are quite wordy. b. "translating" on the spot is a helpful mental exercise. c. this reduces the likelihood that you will later engage in plagiarism. d. this forces you to organize the information in a way that makes sense to you. - Correct Answers: this forces you to organize the information in a way that makes sense to you When a question occurs to you during a lecture, you should a. ask it during class. b. ask a classmate about it after class. c. write it down and ask the instructor after class. d. not ask it, since this would interrupt the lecturer. - Correct Answers: ask it during class Which of the following is NOT one of the tips for getting more out of lectures? a. Ask questions in class. b. Listen actively to the lecture. c. Pay attention to the instructor's nonverbal signals. d. Try to use the instructor's words when taking notes in class. - Correct Answers: try to use the instructors words when taking notes in class Overlearning refers to continued practice of material after you a. have completed your study plan. b. have already passed the relevant test. c. have apparently mastered the material. d. have become exhausted from studying. - Correct Answers: have apparently mastered the material Cramming before a test will most likely a. be the only way to accomplish deep processing. b. be less effective than spaced practice. c. be more effective than taking practice tests. d. increase the efficiency of your memory. - Correct Answers: be less effective than spaced practice On the day before a test in a particular course, it is probably best a. to study even if you think you know the topic really well. b. not to overlearn the material. c. to avoid studying that material. d. to take advantage of the massed practice effect. - Correct Answers: to study even if you think you know the topic really well A useful study technique that helps to organize information is a. outlining reading assignments. b. studying with a group of students. c. underlining important points in textbooks. d. memorizing the order of chapter headings. - Correct Answers: outlining reading assignments ________________ refers to learning by emphasizing the personal meaningfulness of material that one has learned in a course. a. Mnemonics b. Deep processing c. Distributed practice d. Cramming - Correct Answers: deep processing Exercising deep processing means a. devoting effort to analyzing the meaning of the reading assignments. b. engaging in maintenance rehearsal to establish rote memory. c. using mnemonic devices. d. rereading the assignments over the course of several different sessions. - Correct Answers: devoting effort to analyzing the meaning of the reading assignments Mnemonic devices are techniques for a. enhancing memory. b. improving class attendance. c. developing a study plan. d. becoming an active listener. - Correct Answers: enhancing memory Using "Roy G Biv" to remember the order of colors in the light spectrum is an example of how ______ can help us remember information. a. acrostics b. acronyms c. overlearning d. visual imagery - Correct Answers: acronyms Using "Every good boy does fine" to remember the order of musical notes is an example of how ______ can help us remember information. a. acrostics b. acronyms c. overlearning d. visual imagery - Correct Answers: acrostics The loci method is a mnemonic device that involves a. making up a logical story. b. inventing a useful acronym. c. memorizing a simple poem. d. taking a make-believe walk. - Correct Answers: taking a make-believe walk The technological advances of the past century, impressive thought they may be, have not led to perceptible improvement in our collective health and happiness. This issue is known as the a. approach-avoidance conflict. b. paradox of progress. c. self-realization dilemma. d. correlation limitation. - Correct Answers: paradox of progress Which of the following statements about cults is NOT true? a. Cults have attracted countless converts. b. Most cults flourish in obscurity, unless bizarre incidents attract public attention. c. Cults generally use brainwashing and mind control to seduce lonely outsiders. d. People join cults because these groups appear to provide simple solutions to complex problems. - Correct Answers: cults generally use brainwashing and mind control to seduce lonely outsiders "Subjecting ideas to systematic, skeptical scrutiny" best describes which of the following processes? a. Self-realization b. Critical thinking c. Self-actualization d. Psychological adjustment - Correct Answers: critical thinking The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders is called ______ psychology. a. social b. clinical c. cognitive d. physiological - Correct Answers: clinical A psychological researcher is best able to draw conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships by using which of the following research methods? a. Survey b. Case study c. Experiment d. Naturalistic observation - Correct Answers: experiment Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables? a. -0.75 b. -3.28 c. +0.16 d. +0.50 - Correct Answers: -0.75 An in-depth investigation of an individual participant is called a(n) a. case study. b. experiment. c. correlational study. d. naturalistic observation. - Correct Answers: case study 8. Which of the following variables is least important in determining an individual's happiness? a. Health b. Money c. Social activity d. Job satisfaction - Correct Answers: money The best predictor of individuals' future happiness is their a. IQ score. b. past happiness. c. marital status. d. financial status. - Correct Answers: past happiness An organized study program should include a. a detailed schedule of when and what to study. b. a place of your own to study that is free of distractions. c. rewards that are immediate and satisfying when goals are attained. d. all of these. - Correct Answers: all of these