lOMoARcPSD|52942330
Chapter_14_Cornell_Notes_Fundamentals_
Anatomy_Physiology_UT_Dallas
, lOMoARcPSD|52942330
Essential Question/Topic:
Topic/Chapter: Notes:
14-1 Major Brain ● 5 major ones:
Regions & Landmarks: 1. Cerebrum: Biggest part of brain. Creates conscious thoughts,
sensations, intellect, memory, complicated movements. Left
and right cerebral hemispheres are covered by cerebral cortex
(gray matter) which makes makes up 3 things:
a. Gyri (bumps that increase SA), sulci (shallow grooves),
and fissures (deeper grooves that can separate larger
brain regions).
2. Cerebellum: second biggest part, hidden by cerebral
hemispheres and has its own hemispheres covered by
cerebellar cortex (still gray matter). Function: adjusts ongoing
movements by comparing arriving sensations with those
previous felt to help you practice them.
3. Diencephalon: can be seen after cerebral and cerebellum are
removed. Connects cerebral hemispheres and brainstem. Its
walls are made of 2 things:
a. Thalamus: has relay and processing centers for sensory
info
b. Hypothalamus: floor of diencephalon; has centers that
deal with emotion, autonomic function, and hormone
making. Connected to pituitary gland (endocrine system
connects to nervous) via infundibulum.
4. Brainstem: has a bunch of processing centers and nuclei
(clearly distinguishable masses of brain neurons) that gives
info to/from cerebrum to/from cerebellum. 3 Main Parts:
a. Midbrain: has nuclei that process visual/auditory stimuli
and controls reflexes that are triggered by said stimuli
(ex: eye movements and head turning). Also has centers
(groups of nerve cells that have a specific function) that
help maintain consciousness.
b. Pons: is the “bridge” between cerebellum and brainstem;
has tracts (collections of CNS axons), relay centers,
nuclei that are involved with somatic and visceral motor
control.
c. Medulla Oblongata: connects brain to spinal cord. Thin
and membranous, the inferior part has a central canal (is
also simplest part in this region). Gives sensory info to
thalamus and centers in other parts of brainstem. Has
major centers that maintain autonomic function, like
heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion.
Embryology of the ● 3 primary brain vesicles:
Brain 1. Prosencephalon/forebrain:
a. Diencephalon: will form thalamus.
b. Telencephalon: will make cerebrum.
2. Mesencephalon/midbrain: walls thicken and neural tube
Chapter_14_Cornell_Notes_Fundamentals_
Anatomy_Physiology_UT_Dallas
, lOMoARcPSD|52942330
Essential Question/Topic:
Topic/Chapter: Notes:
14-1 Major Brain ● 5 major ones:
Regions & Landmarks: 1. Cerebrum: Biggest part of brain. Creates conscious thoughts,
sensations, intellect, memory, complicated movements. Left
and right cerebral hemispheres are covered by cerebral cortex
(gray matter) which makes makes up 3 things:
a. Gyri (bumps that increase SA), sulci (shallow grooves),
and fissures (deeper grooves that can separate larger
brain regions).
2. Cerebellum: second biggest part, hidden by cerebral
hemispheres and has its own hemispheres covered by
cerebellar cortex (still gray matter). Function: adjusts ongoing
movements by comparing arriving sensations with those
previous felt to help you practice them.
3. Diencephalon: can be seen after cerebral and cerebellum are
removed. Connects cerebral hemispheres and brainstem. Its
walls are made of 2 things:
a. Thalamus: has relay and processing centers for sensory
info
b. Hypothalamus: floor of diencephalon; has centers that
deal with emotion, autonomic function, and hormone
making. Connected to pituitary gland (endocrine system
connects to nervous) via infundibulum.
4. Brainstem: has a bunch of processing centers and nuclei
(clearly distinguishable masses of brain neurons) that gives
info to/from cerebrum to/from cerebellum. 3 Main Parts:
a. Midbrain: has nuclei that process visual/auditory stimuli
and controls reflexes that are triggered by said stimuli
(ex: eye movements and head turning). Also has centers
(groups of nerve cells that have a specific function) that
help maintain consciousness.
b. Pons: is the “bridge” between cerebellum and brainstem;
has tracts (collections of CNS axons), relay centers,
nuclei that are involved with somatic and visceral motor
control.
c. Medulla Oblongata: connects brain to spinal cord. Thin
and membranous, the inferior part has a central canal (is
also simplest part in this region). Gives sensory info to
thalamus and centers in other parts of brainstem. Has
major centers that maintain autonomic function, like
heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion.
Embryology of the ● 3 primary brain vesicles:
Brain 1. Prosencephalon/forebrain:
a. Diencephalon: will form thalamus.
b. Telencephalon: will make cerebrum.
2. Mesencephalon/midbrain: walls thicken and neural tube
