Pathophysiology - module 1 - Exam
1question with answers
Pathophysiology - - involves the study of functional or physiologic changes in the
body that result from disease processes - based on a loss of or change in normal
structure and function - focuses on the effects of abnormalities at the organ level
-Pathology - - the laboratory study of cell and tissue changes associated with
disease
-Disease - - a deviation from the normal state of health or from a state of wellness
-Normal Values for Health Indicators - - 1) be a nonsmoker and avoid second-hand
smoke 2) 5 - 10 servings of vegetables and fruit a day 3) be physically active on a
regular basis 4) protect yourself and your family from the sun 5) follow cancer
screening guidelines 6) visit doctor or dentist if you notice any change in normal
health 7) follow health and safety instructions at home and at work when using,
storing and disposing of hazardous materials
-Building Blocks for Facilitating Study of Specific Disease - - + the signs related to
the specific site of damage and + the signs related to the pathologic process taking
place
-Homeostasis - - a relatively constant or stable internal environment with respect
to factors including blood pressure, body temperature and fluid balance
-Prevention - - this has become a primary focus in health care
-Steps in Three Stage Research Process - - First - referred to as "basic science" in
which researchers work to identify a technology that will work to limit or prevent the
disease process + Second - involves number of human subjects to determine if the
therapy is safe for humans + Third - only takes place if the results of a previous
research are positive - the majority of therapies do not make it to this point - double
blind studies use here
-Double Blind Studies - - both the research subject and the administrator do not
know if the subject is receiving a standard, proven therapy or the therapy being
tested
-Etiology - - concerns the causative factors in a particular disease
-Idiopathic - - term used when the cause of a disease is unknown
-Iatrogenic - - term used when a treatment, procedure or an error may cause a
disease - examples are bladder infection following catheterization or bone marrow
damage caused by a prescribed drug
, -Pathogenesis - - term referring to the development of the disease or the
sequence of events involved in the tissue changes related to the specific disease
process
-Insidious - - term used to describe the gradual progression of the onset of the
disease - very vague or mild signs
-Acute - - sudden or obvious onset of disease and signs
-Acute Disease - - indicates short-term illness that develops quickly with marked
signs such as high fever or severe pain
-Chronic Disease - - often a milder condition developing gradually
-Subclinical State - - exists in some conditions in which pathologic changes occur,
but with no obvious manifestations are exhibited
-Prodromal Period - - comprises the time in the early development of a disease
when one is aware of a change in the body but the signs are nonspecific
-Local Manifestations - - evidence or effects - signs or symptoms - redness or
swelling found at the site of the problem
-Systemic Manifestations - - evidence or effects - signs or symptoms - fever as an
example - general indicators of the problem
-Signs - - objective indicators of disease that are obvious to someone other than
the affected individual
-Symptoms - - subjective feelings such as pain or nausea
-Syndrome - - collection of signs and symptoms often affecting more than one
organ - usually occur together in response to a certain condition
-Precipitating Factor - - a condition that triggers an acute episode - predisposing
factors can be aggravated by precipitating factors
-Sequelae - - term describing the potential unwanted outcomes of the primary
condition - ex.) paralysis following recovery from a stroke
-Morbidity - - indicates the disease rates within a group
-Mortality - - indicates the relative number of deaths resulting from a particular
disease
-Atrophy - - refers to a decrease in the size of cells resulting in a reduced tissue
mass - commonly caused by reduced use of tissue, insufficient nutrition, decreased
neurologic or hormonal stimulation and aging - ex.) shrinking of skeletal muscle
when limb immobilized in cast for several weeks
1question with answers
Pathophysiology - - involves the study of functional or physiologic changes in the
body that result from disease processes - based on a loss of or change in normal
structure and function - focuses on the effects of abnormalities at the organ level
-Pathology - - the laboratory study of cell and tissue changes associated with
disease
-Disease - - a deviation from the normal state of health or from a state of wellness
-Normal Values for Health Indicators - - 1) be a nonsmoker and avoid second-hand
smoke 2) 5 - 10 servings of vegetables and fruit a day 3) be physically active on a
regular basis 4) protect yourself and your family from the sun 5) follow cancer
screening guidelines 6) visit doctor or dentist if you notice any change in normal
health 7) follow health and safety instructions at home and at work when using,
storing and disposing of hazardous materials
-Building Blocks for Facilitating Study of Specific Disease - - + the signs related to
the specific site of damage and + the signs related to the pathologic process taking
place
-Homeostasis - - a relatively constant or stable internal environment with respect
to factors including blood pressure, body temperature and fluid balance
-Prevention - - this has become a primary focus in health care
-Steps in Three Stage Research Process - - First - referred to as "basic science" in
which researchers work to identify a technology that will work to limit or prevent the
disease process + Second - involves number of human subjects to determine if the
therapy is safe for humans + Third - only takes place if the results of a previous
research are positive - the majority of therapies do not make it to this point - double
blind studies use here
-Double Blind Studies - - both the research subject and the administrator do not
know if the subject is receiving a standard, proven therapy or the therapy being
tested
-Etiology - - concerns the causative factors in a particular disease
-Idiopathic - - term used when the cause of a disease is unknown
-Iatrogenic - - term used when a treatment, procedure or an error may cause a
disease - examples are bladder infection following catheterization or bone marrow
damage caused by a prescribed drug
, -Pathogenesis - - term referring to the development of the disease or the
sequence of events involved in the tissue changes related to the specific disease
process
-Insidious - - term used to describe the gradual progression of the onset of the
disease - very vague or mild signs
-Acute - - sudden or obvious onset of disease and signs
-Acute Disease - - indicates short-term illness that develops quickly with marked
signs such as high fever or severe pain
-Chronic Disease - - often a milder condition developing gradually
-Subclinical State - - exists in some conditions in which pathologic changes occur,
but with no obvious manifestations are exhibited
-Prodromal Period - - comprises the time in the early development of a disease
when one is aware of a change in the body but the signs are nonspecific
-Local Manifestations - - evidence or effects - signs or symptoms - redness or
swelling found at the site of the problem
-Systemic Manifestations - - evidence or effects - signs or symptoms - fever as an
example - general indicators of the problem
-Signs - - objective indicators of disease that are obvious to someone other than
the affected individual
-Symptoms - - subjective feelings such as pain or nausea
-Syndrome - - collection of signs and symptoms often affecting more than one
organ - usually occur together in response to a certain condition
-Precipitating Factor - - a condition that triggers an acute episode - predisposing
factors can be aggravated by precipitating factors
-Sequelae - - term describing the potential unwanted outcomes of the primary
condition - ex.) paralysis following recovery from a stroke
-Morbidity - - indicates the disease rates within a group
-Mortality - - indicates the relative number of deaths resulting from a particular
disease
-Atrophy - - refers to a decrease in the size of cells resulting in a reduced tissue
mass - commonly caused by reduced use of tissue, insufficient nutrition, decreased
neurologic or hormonal stimulation and aging - ex.) shrinking of skeletal muscle
when limb immobilized in cast for several weeks
