Exam (elaborations) NSG 522

NSG-522 Midterm UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
public health - CORRECT ANSWER - protects the population from health threats



epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER - -the core science of public health
-the nature/extent/cause of public health problems


epidemiology history - CORRECT ANSWER - -developed as a science in the 1800s
-study of epidemics as a communicable disease
-by second 1/2 of 20th century, infx ds --> other ds, too
-in 1970, "study of distribution & determinants of ds freq," "study of the occurrence of illness"
-late 20th century: ALL health phenom, including bioterror, HEALTH PREVENTION!!


CDC - CORRECT ANSWER - -originally named communicable ds center.
-now, Center for Disease Control & Prevention
-24/7 keeps country safe from ALL health threats
-MMWR: morbidity & mortality weekly report


epidemiological transitions - CORRECT ANSWER - -changes in population dynamics d/t
changes in mortality


age of pestilence & famine - CORRECT ANSWER - high mortality, life expectancy 20-40
yrs


age of receding pandemics - CORRECT ANSWER - mortality lower, life expectancy 30-
50 yrs

,age of degenerative & man-made ds - CORRECT ANSWER - mortality lowest, life
expectancy >50 yrs


current epidemiology definition - CORRECT ANSWER - study of distribution &
determinants of health-related states or events in specific populations & the application of this
knowledge to the control of health problems


"study" - CORRECT ANSWER - SYSTEMATIC surveillance, observation,
experimentation. scientific!


"distribution" - CORRECT ANSWER - frequency & pattern of health-related states &
events


"determinants" - CORRECT ANSWER - phys, bio, social, cultural, econ, behavioral
factors that influence health. CAUSES!


"health-related states/events" - CORRECT ANSWER - change in modern
epidemiology...not just illness. restoration of health, too!


"specific populations" - CORRECT ANSWER - characteristics of who's healthy/at
risk/acquires ds


"control of health problems" - CORRECT ANSWER - we want to improve health & well-
being! goal is to ID factors associated w/ ds development/illness/WELLNESS


epidemiology... - CORRECT ANSWER - ...focus on populations! NURSES give direct
care to INDIVIDUALS.


core epidemiological functions - CORRECT ANSWER - -Surveillance
-Field investigations
-Analytic studies

, -Evaluation
-Policy
-Linkages


surveillance - CORRECT ANSWER - monitoring of health-related states & events



field investigations - CORRECT ANSWER - what they do when outbreak



analytic studies - CORRECT ANSWER - cause & effect



evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER - how well programs/interventions work. focus on
identifying (risk-factors, causes) & evaluating (efficacy, effectiveness, efficiency, cost)


policy & linkages - CORRECT ANSWER - address role of epidemiological work in
informing health policy. emphasizes linkages b/w professions, orgs, gov, etc. we don't work by
ourselves to get things done!


surveillance, field investigations, analytic studies, evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER -
these four are investigative, evaluative, & research-focused. used to describe distribution &
determinants of health events & efficacy of health interventions & services


epidemiology is a... - CORRECT ANSWER - ...quantitative science. uses measurements!
of distribution [freq (%), pattern (person/place/time)] & determinants [causes]


5 Ws of epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER - -What: the health-related event (ie. ds) of
interest. must be clearly defined!
-Who: the persons affected by that HRE
-Where: where the HRE has occurred
-When: the timing of the HRE
-Why: explains the causes/potential etiologies (helpful or harmful)