NU 503- Circulation UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Pulmonary Circulation - CORRECT ANSWER - oxygenated blood to left atrium via
pulmonary veins
oxygenate blood and remove carbon dioxide
pulmonary circulation origination - CORRECT ANSWER - right ventricle via pulmonary
artery
Systemic Circulation - CORRECT ANSWER - starts with aorta receiving output from LV
Systemic circulation output with exercise - CORRECT ANSWER - varies greatly to skin
and skeletal muscles
Systemic vs pulmonary pressure - CORRECT ANSWER - systemic 5-10x higher than
pulmonary
Blood flow with heavy exercise - CORRECT ANSWER - Significantly increase blood
flow from 5 L/min to 25L/min
Decreases blood flow to all other organs but the heart (heart blood flow increases with exercise)
Blood vessel structure layers - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. tunica intima
2. tunica media
3. tunica externa
Tunica intima - CORRECT ANSWER - vital to vascular health, single innermost layer of
vessel and creates vessel lining, basement membrane, and elastic fibers
,Tunica media - CORRECT ANSWER - middle vessel layer, concentric layers of vascular
smooth muscle cells. Surrounding smooth muscle is another layer of elastic fibers
Tunica externa - CORRECT ANSWER - outermost layer: strong connective tissue that
keeps vessels intact
Artery walls - CORRECT ANSWER - much thicker for higher pressures, highest in aorta
Artery branching - CORRECT ANSWER - Branch into smaller vessels (arterioles 80%
SVR) extending from heart
Decrease in lumen diameter
Decrease in elastic fibers
Increase in relative amount of smooth muscle
Capillaries function - CORRECT ANSWER - Exchange between blood and tissues
capillaries vasculature - CORRECT ANSWER - thin walls of endothelial cells and
basement membrane
capillary blood flow - CORRECT ANSWER - collected into venules and larger veins
Law of LaPlace - CORRECT ANSWER - biophysics of vascular wall tension
hydrostatic pressure: aorta - CORRECT ANSWER - created by blood pumped into aorta
wall tension created by - CORRECT ANSWER - hydrostatic pressure- push on vessel wall
Wall tension - CORRECT ANSWER - contributor to rupturing of weakened vessel
, what increases vascular wall tension? - CORRECT ANSWER - blood pressure
radius of vessel
What decreases vascular wall tension? - CORRECT ANSWER - increased wall thickness
Vascular Aneurysm: Law of LaPlace - CORRECT ANSWER - weakened vessel is dilates
and radius increases and increased wall tension, creates vessel enlargement over time, increasing
risk of catastrophic rupture
Aneurysm risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER - congenital, atherosclerosis, hypertension,
diabetes, tobacco, age >65, men
Law of laplace formula - CORRECT ANSWER - T = (P x r) / h
T = (P x r) / h - CORRECT ANSWER - T = tension of wall
P = pressure in vessel wall
r = radius of vessel
h = thickness of vessel
Laminar blood flow - CORRECT ANSWER - type of blood flow not resulting in audible
sound; defined by streamline flow or flow in parallel layers without turbulence
laminar flow + high velocity - CORRECT ANSWER - = shear stress which creates nitric
oxide
Nitric Oxide - CORRECT ANSWER - vasodilation, vessel patency, decreased BP
Turbulent flow - CORRECT ANSWER - Irregular flow with random variations in pressure
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Pulmonary Circulation - CORRECT ANSWER - oxygenated blood to left atrium via
pulmonary veins
oxygenate blood and remove carbon dioxide
pulmonary circulation origination - CORRECT ANSWER - right ventricle via pulmonary
artery
Systemic Circulation - CORRECT ANSWER - starts with aorta receiving output from LV
Systemic circulation output with exercise - CORRECT ANSWER - varies greatly to skin
and skeletal muscles
Systemic vs pulmonary pressure - CORRECT ANSWER - systemic 5-10x higher than
pulmonary
Blood flow with heavy exercise - CORRECT ANSWER - Significantly increase blood
flow from 5 L/min to 25L/min
Decreases blood flow to all other organs but the heart (heart blood flow increases with exercise)
Blood vessel structure layers - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. tunica intima
2. tunica media
3. tunica externa
Tunica intima - CORRECT ANSWER - vital to vascular health, single innermost layer of
vessel and creates vessel lining, basement membrane, and elastic fibers
,Tunica media - CORRECT ANSWER - middle vessel layer, concentric layers of vascular
smooth muscle cells. Surrounding smooth muscle is another layer of elastic fibers
Tunica externa - CORRECT ANSWER - outermost layer: strong connective tissue that
keeps vessels intact
Artery walls - CORRECT ANSWER - much thicker for higher pressures, highest in aorta
Artery branching - CORRECT ANSWER - Branch into smaller vessels (arterioles 80%
SVR) extending from heart
Decrease in lumen diameter
Decrease in elastic fibers
Increase in relative amount of smooth muscle
Capillaries function - CORRECT ANSWER - Exchange between blood and tissues
capillaries vasculature - CORRECT ANSWER - thin walls of endothelial cells and
basement membrane
capillary blood flow - CORRECT ANSWER - collected into venules and larger veins
Law of LaPlace - CORRECT ANSWER - biophysics of vascular wall tension
hydrostatic pressure: aorta - CORRECT ANSWER - created by blood pumped into aorta
wall tension created by - CORRECT ANSWER - hydrostatic pressure- push on vessel wall
Wall tension - CORRECT ANSWER - contributor to rupturing of weakened vessel
, what increases vascular wall tension? - CORRECT ANSWER - blood pressure
radius of vessel
What decreases vascular wall tension? - CORRECT ANSWER - increased wall thickness
Vascular Aneurysm: Law of LaPlace - CORRECT ANSWER - weakened vessel is dilates
and radius increases and increased wall tension, creates vessel enlargement over time, increasing
risk of catastrophic rupture
Aneurysm risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER - congenital, atherosclerosis, hypertension,
diabetes, tobacco, age >65, men
Law of laplace formula - CORRECT ANSWER - T = (P x r) / h
T = (P x r) / h - CORRECT ANSWER - T = tension of wall
P = pressure in vessel wall
r = radius of vessel
h = thickness of vessel
Laminar blood flow - CORRECT ANSWER - type of blood flow not resulting in audible
sound; defined by streamline flow or flow in parallel layers without turbulence
laminar flow + high velocity - CORRECT ANSWER - = shear stress which creates nitric
oxide
Nitric Oxide - CORRECT ANSWER - vasodilation, vessel patency, decreased BP
Turbulent flow - CORRECT ANSWER - Irregular flow with random variations in pressure
