AP BIOLOGY TRANSPORT, ENERGY,
ENZYME, AND CELL STRUCTURE
TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
cell wall - ANSWER--protects the cell
-helps maintain shape of the cell
-prevents excessive uptake of water
central vacuole - ANSWER--storage
-disposal site of metabolic waste
-may contain pigments
-may contain poisonous or unpalatable chemicals
-involved in cell growth
chloroplast - ANSWER--site of photosynthesis
-contains chlorophyll
nuclear envelope - ANSWER--double membrane that forms the boundary between
the nuclear contents and the cytoplasm
-perforated with pores
transport vesicle - ANSWER-carries endoplasmic reticulum products to the Golgi
secretory vesicle - ANSWER--carries Golgi products to the cell membrane
-fuses with the cell membrane releasing the contents to outside of the cell
peroxisome - ANSWER--contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from substrates to
oxygen producing H2O2
-detoxifies alcohol
-contains enzymes that convert H2O2 to H2O and O2
animal cell - ANSWER--no cell wall
-one or more small vacuoles
-irregular shape
-no chloroplast
plant cell - ANSWER--cell wall is present
-one, large, central vacuole that takes up 90% of cell volume
-fixed shape (usually rectangular)
-contains cholorplast
chromosomes - ANSWER--tightly coiled DNA
-condensed
-visible when stained
chromatin - ANSWER--consist of DNA and proteins
-dispersed
, -uncoiled
-decondensed
microtubules - ANSWER--straight, hollow tubes
-made of tubulin (largest part of cytoskeleton)
-involved in cell transport (moving the entire cell)
-provides tracts for organelle movement
-make up spindle fibers, centrioles, cilia, and flagella
microfilaments - ANSWER--provides tracts for organelle movement
-solid rods
-made of actin (smallest part of cytoskeleton)
-involved in muscle contraction and localized cell contractions
-form 3-D support network just inside the cell membrane
-form contractile ring that pinches dividing animal cell in two
-produces cytoplasmic streaming
intermediate filaments - ANSWER--intermediate in diameter
-composition varies
-more permanent
-reinforces cell shape and may fix organelle position
free ribosomes - ANSWER--produce proteins for use within the cell
-suspended in the cytosol
-consist of 2 subunits
-composed of rRNA and proteins
bound ribosomes - ANSWER--produce proteins for export
-attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
-consist of 2 subunits
-composed of rRNA and proteins
cilia - ANSWER--9+2 arrangement of microtubules
-involved in movement
-shorter
-many per cell
-produce an oar-like motion
flagella - ANSWER--9+2 arrangement of microtubules
-involved in movement
-longer
-one or two per cell
-produce a snake-like motion
receptor, adhesion, anchor, enzyme, glyco, channel, and carrier - ANSWER-7 types
of membrane proteins
receptor proteins - ANSWER-Membrane protein with carbohydrates attached that
helps cells identify "self" and plays a role in blood types, organ transplants, and germ
recognition
ENZYME, AND CELL STRUCTURE
TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
cell wall - ANSWER--protects the cell
-helps maintain shape of the cell
-prevents excessive uptake of water
central vacuole - ANSWER--storage
-disposal site of metabolic waste
-may contain pigments
-may contain poisonous or unpalatable chemicals
-involved in cell growth
chloroplast - ANSWER--site of photosynthesis
-contains chlorophyll
nuclear envelope - ANSWER--double membrane that forms the boundary between
the nuclear contents and the cytoplasm
-perforated with pores
transport vesicle - ANSWER-carries endoplasmic reticulum products to the Golgi
secretory vesicle - ANSWER--carries Golgi products to the cell membrane
-fuses with the cell membrane releasing the contents to outside of the cell
peroxisome - ANSWER--contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from substrates to
oxygen producing H2O2
-detoxifies alcohol
-contains enzymes that convert H2O2 to H2O and O2
animal cell - ANSWER--no cell wall
-one or more small vacuoles
-irregular shape
-no chloroplast
plant cell - ANSWER--cell wall is present
-one, large, central vacuole that takes up 90% of cell volume
-fixed shape (usually rectangular)
-contains cholorplast
chromosomes - ANSWER--tightly coiled DNA
-condensed
-visible when stained
chromatin - ANSWER--consist of DNA and proteins
-dispersed
, -uncoiled
-decondensed
microtubules - ANSWER--straight, hollow tubes
-made of tubulin (largest part of cytoskeleton)
-involved in cell transport (moving the entire cell)
-provides tracts for organelle movement
-make up spindle fibers, centrioles, cilia, and flagella
microfilaments - ANSWER--provides tracts for organelle movement
-solid rods
-made of actin (smallest part of cytoskeleton)
-involved in muscle contraction and localized cell contractions
-form 3-D support network just inside the cell membrane
-form contractile ring that pinches dividing animal cell in two
-produces cytoplasmic streaming
intermediate filaments - ANSWER--intermediate in diameter
-composition varies
-more permanent
-reinforces cell shape and may fix organelle position
free ribosomes - ANSWER--produce proteins for use within the cell
-suspended in the cytosol
-consist of 2 subunits
-composed of rRNA and proteins
bound ribosomes - ANSWER--produce proteins for export
-attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
-consist of 2 subunits
-composed of rRNA and proteins
cilia - ANSWER--9+2 arrangement of microtubules
-involved in movement
-shorter
-many per cell
-produce an oar-like motion
flagella - ANSWER--9+2 arrangement of microtubules
-involved in movement
-longer
-one or two per cell
-produce a snake-like motion
receptor, adhesion, anchor, enzyme, glyco, channel, and carrier - ANSWER-7 types
of membrane proteins
receptor proteins - ANSWER-Membrane protein with carbohydrates attached that
helps cells identify "self" and plays a role in blood types, organ transplants, and germ
recognition
