A&P 2 Final MGCCC UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
List functions of the kidneys (pp. 995-996) - CORRECT ANSWER - Excretion of wastes,
regulation of blood ionic composition, regulation of blood pH, Regulation of blood volume,
regulation of blood pressure, maintenance of blood osmolarity, production of hormones,
regulation of hormones, regulation of blood glucose levels
List waste products normally excreted by the kidneys (pg. 1011) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Water, proteins, Sodium ions, Chloride ions, Bicarbonate ions, glucose, urea, potassium ions,
uric acid, creatinine
Which layer of smooth dense irregular connective tissue covers the kidney and outer layer of the
ureter? (pg. 995) - CORRECT ANSWER - renal fascia
Which portion of the kidney extends between the renal pyramids? (pg. 998) - CORRECT
ANSWER - renal columns
List the order of blood flow through the kidneys (pg. 998) - CORRECT ANSWER - Renal
artery, Segmental arteries, Interlobar arteries, Arcuate arteries, Cortical radiate arteries, Afferent
Arteries, Glomerular capillaries, efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries, peritubular venules,
cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, renal vein
List the order of filtrate flow through a cortical nephron (pg. 1001) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending
limb of the nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
Which nephron structure reabsorbs the most substances? (pg. 1010) - CORRECT ANSWER -
proximal convoluted tubule
Which nephron structure filters blood plasma? (pg. 999) - CORRECT ANSWER - glomerulus
, What is reabsorption? (pg. 1005) - CORRECT ANSWER - the process by which the nephron
removes water and solutes from the tubular fluid and returns them to the circulating blood
What is tubular secretion? (pg. 1005) - CORRECT ANSWER - the transfer of materials from
peritubular capillaries to the renal tubular lumen; it is the opposite process of reabsorption
What is the basement membrane? (pg. 1007) - CORRECT ANSWER - thin, dense sheets of
specialized, self- assembled extracellular matrix that surround most animal tissues
What is myogenic mechanism? (pg. 1008) - CORRECT ANSWER - how arteries and
arterioles react to an increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow constant
within the blood vessel
What is a transcellular reabsorption route? (pg. 1011) - CORRECT ANSWER - passes from
fluid in tubular lumen THROUGH apical membrane of a tubule cell, across the cytosol, and out
into interstitial fluid through basolateral membrane.
What percentage of filtered water do the proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb? (pg. 1012) -
CORRECT ANSWER - 65%
How does angiotensin II affect the kidneys? (pg. 1016) - CORRECT ANSWER - acts to
increase Na-H exchange, increasing sodium reabsorption. Increased levels of Na in the body acts
to increase the osmolarity of the blood, leading to a shift of fluid into the blood volume and
extracellular space
Where does urea recycling occur? (pg. 1020) - CORRECT ANSWER - loop of henle.
What happens to blood pH when the secretion of hydrogen ions (H+) increases? (pg. 1021) -
CORRECT ANSWER - pH lowers
What happens to sodium (Na+) levels in the blood when the secretion of aldosterone increases?
(pg. 1016) - CORRECT ANSWER - increase sodium
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
List functions of the kidneys (pp. 995-996) - CORRECT ANSWER - Excretion of wastes,
regulation of blood ionic composition, regulation of blood pH, Regulation of blood volume,
regulation of blood pressure, maintenance of blood osmolarity, production of hormones,
regulation of hormones, regulation of blood glucose levels
List waste products normally excreted by the kidneys (pg. 1011) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Water, proteins, Sodium ions, Chloride ions, Bicarbonate ions, glucose, urea, potassium ions,
uric acid, creatinine
Which layer of smooth dense irregular connective tissue covers the kidney and outer layer of the
ureter? (pg. 995) - CORRECT ANSWER - renal fascia
Which portion of the kidney extends between the renal pyramids? (pg. 998) - CORRECT
ANSWER - renal columns
List the order of blood flow through the kidneys (pg. 998) - CORRECT ANSWER - Renal
artery, Segmental arteries, Interlobar arteries, Arcuate arteries, Cortical radiate arteries, Afferent
Arteries, Glomerular capillaries, efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries, peritubular venules,
cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, renal vein
List the order of filtrate flow through a cortical nephron (pg. 1001) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending
limb of the nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
Which nephron structure reabsorbs the most substances? (pg. 1010) - CORRECT ANSWER -
proximal convoluted tubule
Which nephron structure filters blood plasma? (pg. 999) - CORRECT ANSWER - glomerulus
, What is reabsorption? (pg. 1005) - CORRECT ANSWER - the process by which the nephron
removes water and solutes from the tubular fluid and returns them to the circulating blood
What is tubular secretion? (pg. 1005) - CORRECT ANSWER - the transfer of materials from
peritubular capillaries to the renal tubular lumen; it is the opposite process of reabsorption
What is the basement membrane? (pg. 1007) - CORRECT ANSWER - thin, dense sheets of
specialized, self- assembled extracellular matrix that surround most animal tissues
What is myogenic mechanism? (pg. 1008) - CORRECT ANSWER - how arteries and
arterioles react to an increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow constant
within the blood vessel
What is a transcellular reabsorption route? (pg. 1011) - CORRECT ANSWER - passes from
fluid in tubular lumen THROUGH apical membrane of a tubule cell, across the cytosol, and out
into interstitial fluid through basolateral membrane.
What percentage of filtered water do the proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb? (pg. 1012) -
CORRECT ANSWER - 65%
How does angiotensin II affect the kidneys? (pg. 1016) - CORRECT ANSWER - acts to
increase Na-H exchange, increasing sodium reabsorption. Increased levels of Na in the body acts
to increase the osmolarity of the blood, leading to a shift of fluid into the blood volume and
extracellular space
Where does urea recycling occur? (pg. 1020) - CORRECT ANSWER - loop of henle.
What happens to blood pH when the secretion of hydrogen ions (H+) increases? (pg. 1021) -
CORRECT ANSWER - pH lowers
What happens to sodium (Na+) levels in the blood when the secretion of aldosterone increases?
(pg. 1016) - CORRECT ANSWER - increase sodium
