SCF Level 1 Nursing Exam 1 (2025 Version) with Tested Questions and Updated Answers Get an A.

SCF Level 1 Nursing Exam 1 (2025 Version) with Tested Questions and Updated Answers Get an A. ANA SETS STANDARDS Promote, prevention, advocacy in care, and alleviation of suffering. Develop standard of care Standard of Care Legal requirements for nursing practice that describe minimal acceptance for nursing care. 5 rights of delegation 1. Right task 2. Right circumstance 3. Right person 4. Right direction/communication 5. Right supervision/evaluation Health Promotion Preventing an infection from developing or spreading acute care Treating an infectious process includes eliminating the infectious organisms and supporting the patient's defenses medical asepsis absence of pathogenic microorganisms. Standard precautions. Hand Hygiene Alcohol based hand rub Disinfection A process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exception of bacteria spores, from inanimate objects Sterilization the complete elimination or destruction of all microorganisms, including spores Isolation the separation and restriction of movement of ill persons with contagious diseases. Implementation Role of the control professional. Infection prevention and control for hospital personnel. Patient education. Clotting a physiologic process in which blood is converted from a liquid to a semisolid gel Professional Identity a sense of oneself that is influenced by characteristics, norms, and values of the nursing discipline, resulting in an individual thinking, acting, and feeling like a nurse. ANA definition of nursing the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations goal to improve the health and well being of all individuals, communities, and populations through the significant and visible contributions of registered nursing using standards-based practice. 6 standards of practice 1. Assessment 2. Diagnosis 3. Outcomes Identification 4. Planning 5. Implementation 6. Evaluation Code of Ethics for Nurses philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define principles used to provide care. Professional Nursing Organizations address member concerns present educational programs publish journals student organizations caring universal phenomenon influencing the ways in which people think, feel, and behave in relation to one another Leininger's Transcultural Caring Caring is an essential human need. Caring helps an individual or group improve a human condition. Caring helps to protect, develop, nurture, and sustain people. Watson's Transpersonal Caring Promotes healing and wholeness Rejects the disease orientation to health care Places care before cure Emphasizes the nurse-patient relationship Swanson's Theory of Caring defines caring as a nurturing way of relating to an individual states that caring is a central nursing phenomenon but is not necessarily unique to nursing practice. Knowing, doing for, and being with collaboration The developments of partnerships to achieve best possible outcomes that reflect the particular needs of the patient, family, or community, requiring and understanding of what others have to offer. decision making Responsibility Autonomy - independent decisions about patient care Authority Accountability evaluate Evaluate process Evaluate patient response Evaluate Therapy efficacy Evaluate patient and expected outcomes. Concept of professional identity is developed Through real and simulated experiences, reflection, and role modeling. 5 attributes of professional identity doing, being, acting ethically, flourishing, changing identities professional identity formation involves institutional roles, behavioral competencies, and emerging identities. Science of Nursing study, methods, knowing current knowledge and practice standards Banners stages of nursing proficiency novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, expert 6 standards of nursing practice assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, evaluation QSEN Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Building an empowered nursing team begins with Nurse executive Collaboration is addressed by The American Nurses Association's Code of Ethics for Nurses Magnet Recognition Transformational leadership Structural empowerment Exemplary professional practice New knowledge, innovation, and improvements Empirical quality results Traditional models of nursing care delivery methods Team nursing and primary nursing Today`s nursing models Patient centered care, total patient care, case management immunity The normal physiological response to microorganisms and proteins as well as conditions associated with an inadequate or excessive immune response infection The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in the body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or results in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response communicable disease disease that is transmitted from one individual to another chain of infection infectious agent - reservoir - portal of exit - mode of transmission - portal of entry - susceptible host 4 stages of infectious process incubation period, prodromal stage, illness stage, convalescence normal flora Maintain a sensitive balance with other microorganisms to prevent infection. Any factor that disrupts this balance places a person at increased risk for acquiring disease. isolation precautions airborne, droplet, contact, and protective environment Types of inflammation Vascular and cellular response, exudates (Serous: clear yellow fluid, Sanguineous: blood, Purulent: pus) ,tissue repair Sites of HAIs Surgical or trauma wounds, urinary or respiratory tracts, bloodstream Asepsis absence of pathogenic microorganisms aseptic technique Practices that reduce the risk of infection Standard Precautions Hand hygiene, hand washing, disinfection, sterilization Heat produced - heat lost = body temperature Temperature range for adults 36-38 C (96.8-100.4 F) Temperature sites Oral, rectal, axillary, tympanic membrane, temporal artery, esophageal, pulmonary artery Factors affecting body temperature Age, exercise, hormone level, circadian rhythm, stress, environment, and temperature alterations Pyrexia fever Electrical impulses originate from the SA node Sites for taking pulse temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, radial, ulnar, femoral,popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis character of pulse rate, rhythm, strength, quality Ventilation the movement of gases in and out of the lungs Diffusion Movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and red blood cells. Perfusion the distribution of red blood cells to and from the pulmonary capillaries respiratory rate number of breaths per minute ventilatory depth deep, normal, shallow ventilatory rhythm regular and irregular pulse pressure difference between systolic and diastolic pressure Factors influencing blood pressure Age, Stress, Ethnicity, Gender, Daily variation, Medications, Activity and Weight, Smoking. Safety Guidelines for Nursing Skills Cleaning devices between patients decreases the risk for infection. Rotating sites during repeated measurements of BP and pulse oximetry decreases the risk for skin breakdown. Analyze trends for vital signs, and report abnormal findings. Determine the appropriate frequency of measuring vital signs based on the patient's condition. clotting a physiologic process in which blood is converted from a liquid to a semisolid gel standard of care legal requirements for nursing practice that describe minimum acceptable nursing practice evidence-based practice nursing care provided that is supported by sound scientific rationale critical thinking the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment. Stat Board of Nursing Issuing license Determining scope of practice Setting minimum education standards Managing disciplinary procedures 5 steps of the nursing process 1. Assessment 2. Diagnosis 3. Planning 4. Implementation 5. Evaluation Types of caring Touch, presence, knowing the patients Professionalism Administer quality care, be responsible and accountable. Nursing requires -Current knowledge and practice standards -Insightful and compassionate approach -Critical thinking The ANA definition of Nursing Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. code of ethics the philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define the principles you will use to provide care to your patients Essential Skills Time management Therapeutic communication Patient education Compassionate implementation of bedside skills Collaboration is linked to decreased length of stay for patients, Increased economic benefits to healthcare organizations patient and family centered care Respect and dignity Information sharing Participation Collaboration Decentralized management decision making occurs at the level of the staff Clinical decisions - Apply the nursing process - Know your patient - Use clinical decision making practices - Accurate clinical decision -Safe Nursing practice -Ask why? what? how? what if? clinical care coordination Clinical Decisions Priority Setting Organizational Skills Use of Resources Time Management Evaluation Delegation Transfers responsibility while remaining accountable for outcomes. Requires knowing which skills are transferable Results in improved quality, safe patient care, improved efficiency, increased productivity etc Steps to effective delegation Assess the knowledge and skills of the delegatee. Match tasks to the delegatee's skills. Communicate clearly Listen attentively. Provide feedback. The indicator for circulatory status Pulse Diffusion and perfusion Measure oxygen saturation in the blood, measure of arterial oxygen saturation body mechanics coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems to maintain balance, posture, and body alignment Balance is achieved when A relatively low center of gravity is balanced over a wide base of support Individuals at risk of falls/immobility Chronic illness, chronic pain, injury/trauma, Neurological disorders Care of Immobilized Patient -Frequent turning, positioning, body alignment -Skin assessment and skin care -Range of motion -Breathing exercises -Exercise therapy -Weight bearing -Measures to optimize elimination -Nutrition Patient Safety prevention of healthcare errors, and the elimination or mitigation of patient injury caused by healthcare errors adverse event Unintended harm by an act of commission or omission rather than as a result of disease process near miss Error of commission or omission that could have harmed a patient, but harm did not occur as a result of chance sentinel event unexpected occurrence involving death or serious injury Categories of errors Diagnostic Treatment Preventive Communication Scope of errors 1. Latent 2. Active just culture seeks to find a balance between the need to learn from mistakes and the need for disciplinary action against employees 6 critical components of crew resource management 1) Situational Awareness 2) Problem Identification 3) Decision making by generating alternative acceptable solutions 4) Appropriate workload distribution 5) Time Management 6) Conflict resolution individual risk factors lifestyle impaired mobility sensory or communication impairment lack of safety awareness basic human needs oxygen, nutrition, temperature enviromental safety A patients environment includes physical and psycho social factors that influence the life and survival. Ladder of basic human needs 1- Physiological needs 2- Safety needs 3- Love and belonging 4- Esteem 5- Self- actualization Factors influencing patient safety Patient's developmental level Mobility, sensory, and cognitive status Lifestyle choices Knowledge of common safety precautions Risks in the healthcare agency Medical errors, TJC and CMS "speak up campaign", National Quality forum mission, Environmental risks. Successful critical thinking requires a synthesis of Knowledge, experience, critical thinking attitudes, and intellectual and professional standards. Ongoing process. Goals and Outcomes Prevent and minimize safety threats, are measurable and realistic, may include active patient participation. side rails -Increase patient mobility and/or stability -Most commonly used as restraint -Can cause falls or death Preparation for examination -infection control -environment -equipment -Physical preparation of the patient positioning) -Psychological preparation -Assessment of age groups head to toe approach -Compare sides for symmetry -Offer rest periods as needed -Perform painful procedures at the end Techniques of Physical Assessment 1. Inspection 2. Palpation 3. Percussion 4. Auscultation inspection Inspect each area for size, shape, color, symmetry, position and abnormality Palpation Uses touch to gather information, use light palpation Auscultation Frequency, loudness, Quality, duration Head and Neck Inspection Inspect the patients head, noting the position, size, shape and contour Crackles usually heard with Heart disease Was instrumental in the affiliation with nursing education with universities and became the first nursing professor at Columbia University Mary Adelaide Nutting Founded the Frontier Nursing Service, which provided the first Midwifery service Maitland Stewart Founded public health nursing in New York City and is considered the founder of public health nursing Lillian Wald Civil War nurse who used her experience on the battlefield and founded Red Cross Clara Barton Average oral and axillary temperature 98.6 (37 c) Average rectal temperature 37.5 C (99.5 F) Expert nurse Has specialized skills and is capable of identifying both patient-centered problems and problems related to the healthcare system Proficient nurse percieves the clinical situation as a whole, is able to asses an entire situation, and readily transfers knowledge gained from multiple experiences Competent nurse Able to anticipate nursing care and establish long range goals Advanced beginner nurse some level of observational experience with the situation and is able to identify meaningful meaningful aspects of nursing care Normal respiratory rate 12-20 breaths per minute