POLS 121 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
100% ACCURATE.
Kaplan's "Coming Anarchy" - ANSWER- Cites tyranny in Sierra Leone/West Africa as a
part of the new era of lawlessness and erosion of democracy
- Crime has made Africa an inflection point of how insecurity in the 21st century may
look like, internal conflict!
- Kaplan cites climate change as a national security issue and predicts that conflicts of
the future will arise over water and other scarcity related reasons
Homer-Dixon's "Terror in the Weather" - ANSWER- Argues that climate change is a
threat multiplier that exacerbates conditions that lead to failed states, the breeding
ground for extremism and terrorism
- Found the positive link between environmental stress in poor countries and violent
conflict
4 Categories of Human Security - ANSWERS. Patrick
1.) Political Security
2.) Social and Economic Security
3.) Cultural Security
4.) Environmental Security
Tragedy of the Commons - ANSWERHardin
A.) Benefit of feeding your sheep on the commons are personal
B.) Cost of maintaining the commons is shared
Result: over-grazing and overuse
Two Types of Scarcity - ANSWER1.) Demand-Induced Scarcity
- population growth; states support citizens but individually rational to have more
children == diffuse costs, individual benefits
2.) Supply-Induced Scarcity
- depletion of resources; environment is a large common area where individuals
overuse
Does external intervention help tragedy? - ANSWERNo, it exacerbates the tragedy and
shifts costs to other states
Resource Curse - ANSWERStates rich in natural resources are unable to use these
resources to improve:
1.) Internal competition and instability
2.) External predation
Ex.) Africa
, Failed State - ANSWERRotberg's "Failed States"
Patrick's "Weak States and Global Threats"
A weak state that has reached the point in which social, economic, and political
indicators show that they have lost control over the state. and can no longer provide
control over borders due to a lack of infrastructure, loss of bureaucratic/democratic
institutions, and public services.
What leads to states failing - ANSWER1.) Poor leadership
- corruption and no oversight
2.) lack of state development
- internal discontent, young states
3.) shocks
- loss of health, wealth, and political access/identity
4 D's of Terrorism - ANSWERDefeat (Offensive CT)
Defend (Defensive CT)
Deny (end state sponsorship)
Diminish (solve underlying conditions)
Lessons of the Great Recession - ANSWER1.) Affected states unevenly
- Export-led economies suffered more, trade restrictions made it worse
2.) Affected segments of society differently
- in developed economies, the rich got richer because the rate of return exceeded rate
of growth (Solow, "Thomas Picketty Is Right"), which increases the income inequality
- in underdeveloped economies, state weakness and MNCs amplified corruption
3.) Changed distribution of wealth
- States forced into austerity measures, no safety net
3 stages of currency collapse - ANSWEREichengreen's "When Currencies Collapse"
1.) 1930s Gold Standard
- bank failure in Austria led to the Great Depression
2.) 1970s move to Fiat Currency
- 1940s Bretton Woods Conference created the IMF, World Bank, and GATT which
generated animosity and helped the US the most
- Nixon Shock of the 70s set the value of the dollar
3.) 2000s Government Involvement
- Similar to the 1930s era, lack of liquidity and increase of wealth created crisis (Great
Recession)
What 3 things does international trade do? - ANSWER1.) Increases state security
2.) Creates dependency
3.) Changes power structure within states
What happens when private and public assets are greater than each other? -
ANSWERPrivate Assets > Public Assets: Peace
Public Assets > Private Assets: War
100% ACCURATE.
Kaplan's "Coming Anarchy" - ANSWER- Cites tyranny in Sierra Leone/West Africa as a
part of the new era of lawlessness and erosion of democracy
- Crime has made Africa an inflection point of how insecurity in the 21st century may
look like, internal conflict!
- Kaplan cites climate change as a national security issue and predicts that conflicts of
the future will arise over water and other scarcity related reasons
Homer-Dixon's "Terror in the Weather" - ANSWER- Argues that climate change is a
threat multiplier that exacerbates conditions that lead to failed states, the breeding
ground for extremism and terrorism
- Found the positive link between environmental stress in poor countries and violent
conflict
4 Categories of Human Security - ANSWERS. Patrick
1.) Political Security
2.) Social and Economic Security
3.) Cultural Security
4.) Environmental Security
Tragedy of the Commons - ANSWERHardin
A.) Benefit of feeding your sheep on the commons are personal
B.) Cost of maintaining the commons is shared
Result: over-grazing and overuse
Two Types of Scarcity - ANSWER1.) Demand-Induced Scarcity
- population growth; states support citizens but individually rational to have more
children == diffuse costs, individual benefits
2.) Supply-Induced Scarcity
- depletion of resources; environment is a large common area where individuals
overuse
Does external intervention help tragedy? - ANSWERNo, it exacerbates the tragedy and
shifts costs to other states
Resource Curse - ANSWERStates rich in natural resources are unable to use these
resources to improve:
1.) Internal competition and instability
2.) External predation
Ex.) Africa
, Failed State - ANSWERRotberg's "Failed States"
Patrick's "Weak States and Global Threats"
A weak state that has reached the point in which social, economic, and political
indicators show that they have lost control over the state. and can no longer provide
control over borders due to a lack of infrastructure, loss of bureaucratic/democratic
institutions, and public services.
What leads to states failing - ANSWER1.) Poor leadership
- corruption and no oversight
2.) lack of state development
- internal discontent, young states
3.) shocks
- loss of health, wealth, and political access/identity
4 D's of Terrorism - ANSWERDefeat (Offensive CT)
Defend (Defensive CT)
Deny (end state sponsorship)
Diminish (solve underlying conditions)
Lessons of the Great Recession - ANSWER1.) Affected states unevenly
- Export-led economies suffered more, trade restrictions made it worse
2.) Affected segments of society differently
- in developed economies, the rich got richer because the rate of return exceeded rate
of growth (Solow, "Thomas Picketty Is Right"), which increases the income inequality
- in underdeveloped economies, state weakness and MNCs amplified corruption
3.) Changed distribution of wealth
- States forced into austerity measures, no safety net
3 stages of currency collapse - ANSWEREichengreen's "When Currencies Collapse"
1.) 1930s Gold Standard
- bank failure in Austria led to the Great Depression
2.) 1970s move to Fiat Currency
- 1940s Bretton Woods Conference created the IMF, World Bank, and GATT which
generated animosity and helped the US the most
- Nixon Shock of the 70s set the value of the dollar
3.) 2000s Government Involvement
- Similar to the 1930s era, lack of liquidity and increase of wealth created crisis (Great
Recession)
What 3 things does international trade do? - ANSWER1.) Increases state security
2.) Creates dependency
3.) Changes power structure within states
What happens when private and public assets are greater than each other? -
ANSWERPrivate Assets > Public Assets: Peace
Public Assets > Private Assets: War
