CSSD EXAM GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Vitamin K - Answer--Function: Blood clotting
-Risk of deficiency: anyone restricting dietary fat or fat malabsorption disorder
-Risk of toxicity: low risk
-Sources: Green leafy vegetables including collard and turnip greens, kale, spinach,
broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, lettuces. Soybean and canola oil
Water soluble B vitamins - Answer-involved in energy metabolism within the
metabolic pathways for protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism.
B1 (thiamine) - Answer-Which b vitamin is part of TPP (thiamine pyrophosphate) and
carbohydrate metabolism?
B2 (riboflavin) - Answer-Which b vitamin is part of FAD and FNM for fat and
carbohydrate metabolism?
B3 (niacin) - Answer-Which b vitamin is part of NAD & NADP for protein, fat and
carbohydrate metabolism?
B6 - Answer-Which b vitamin is part of PLP (pyridoxal phosphate) for protein
metabolism?
Folate - Answer-Which b vitamin is part of THF (tetrahydrofolate) for protein
metabolism?
Pantothenic Acid - Answer-Which b vitamin is part of CoA for fat metabolism?
Biotin - Answer-Which b vitamin is for fat metabolism?
B12 - Answer-Which b vitamin is for protein carb and fat metabolism?
Calcium - Answer--Function: Maintains bones and teeth (also involved in muscle
contraction)
-Risk of deficiency: Lactose intolerance; anyone avoiding dairy; deficiency increases
risk of osteoporosis
-Risk of toxicity: low risk
-Sources: dairy, cheese, yogurt, almonds, canned sardines, fortified OJ
Phosphorous - Answer--Function: Maintains bones and teeth (also component of
ATP, DNA and membranes)
-Risk of deficiency: low risk
-Risk of toxicity: low risk except in cases with kidney insufficiency
-Sources: dairy, red meat, poultry, seafood, legumes, and nuts
Vitamin D - Answer--Function: Regulation of calcium metabolism as well as many
other processes in the body
,-Risk of deficiency: low exposure to sunlight/northern latitudes, dark skin tone.;
Difficulty obtaining enough in diet; anyone restricting dietary fat or malabsorptive fat
disorder
-Risk of toxicity: low risk
-Sources: Salmon, Tuna fish, fortified Orange juice, fortified Dairy and plant milks
-Optimal 25OH D blood levels: 30-60ng/mL
1,500 mg/day Calcium
1,500-2,000 IU/day Vitamin D - Answer-What are the calcium and vitamin D values
needed to optimize bone health in athletes with low energy availability or menstrual
dysfunctions?
Vitamin C - Answer--Function: Role in collagen synthesis
-Risk of deficiency: low risk
-Risk of toxicity: low risk
-Sources: citrus, bell peppers, strawberries, tomatoes, white potatoes, cruciferous
veg
Vitamin K - Answer--Function: Bone metabolism
-Risk of deficiency: anyone restricting dietary fat or with fat malapsorptive disorder
-Risk of toxicity: low risk
-Sources: green leafy veg, nuts, seeds, beans
Magnesium - Answer--Function: Bone structure (also involved in over 300 enzymatic
reactions
-Risk of deficiency: low risk
-Risk of toxicity: low risk
-Sources: legumes, dark green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and
fortified cereals. It is also in fish, poultry, and beef.
kcal: 80
Carb: 15g
Pro: 3g
Fat: 0g - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving STARCH = ???
kcal: 60
Carb: 15g
Pro: 0g
Fat: 0g - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving FRUIT = ???
kcal: 25
Carb: 5
Pro: 2
Fat: 0 - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving VEG = ???
kcal: 150
Carb: 12
Pro: 8
Fat: 8 - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving WHOLE MILK = ???
,kcal: 120
Carb: 12
Pro: 8
Fat: 5 - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving 2% MILK = ???
kcal: 90
Carb: 12
Pro: 8
Fat: 0/3 - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving 1%/SKIM milk = ???
kcal: 100
Carb: 0
Pro: 7
Fat: 8 - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving HIGH FAT MEAT = ???
kcal: 75
Carb: 0
Pro: 7
Fat: 5 - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving MEDIUM FAT MEAT = ???
kcal: 55
Carb: 0
Pro: 7
Fat: 3 - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving LEAN MEAT = ???
kcal: 35
Carb: 0
Pro: 7
Fat: 0-1 - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving VERY LEAN MEAT = ???
kcal: 45
Carb: 0
Pro: 0
Fat: 5 - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving FAT = ???
Nutrition Assessment - Answer-Evaluation of:
-food and nutrition related history (FH)
-biochemical/medical/surgical tests (BD)
-Anthropometrics (AD)
-Nutrition focused physical findings (PD)
-Client history (CH)
-comparative standards (CS)
Nutrition Diagnosis - Answer-Categories:
-Intake (NI)
-Clinical (NC)
-Behavioral (NB)
PES statements (Problem is related to etiology as evidence by signs/symptoms)
, Nutrition Intervention - Answer--purposely planned actions designed with the intent
of changing a behavior, risk factor or condition, for an individual, group or community
-Food and nutrient delivery (ND)
-Nutrition Education (E)
-Nutrition Counseling (C)
-Coordination of Nutrition Care (RC)
Monitoring and Evaluation - Answer--The final step of the process in which the RDN
uses to determine if the patient/client has achieved, or is making progress toward,
the planned goals.
-Uses most of the same codes and standardized language as in the assessment
section
Cunningham Equation - Answer-RMR = 500 + 22(FFM)
FFM = fat-free mass in kg
for this equation, you need body composition.
Harris-Benedict Equation - Answer--Estimates resting energy needs
-Based on gender, height, weight, and age
-Requires an activity factor to determine TDEE
For women, it's: BMR = 655.1 + (9.563 × weight in kg) + (1.850 × height in cm) -
(4.676 × age) . For men, the formula is: BMR = 66.5 + (13.75 × weight in kg) +
(5.003 × height in cm) - (6.75 × age)
Mifflin-St. Jeor Equation - Answer-• Estimates Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)
• The most accurate for both normal weight and obese healthy individuals
• Weight in kg and Height in cm
Men: (10 × weight in kg) + (6.25 × height in cm) - (5 × age in years) + 5
Women: (10 × weight in kg) + (6.25 × height in cm) - (5 × age in years) - 161.
1.1-1.39
1.4-1.59
1.6-1.89
1.9-2.5 - Answer-What are the activity factors for:
Sedentary
Lightly active
Moderately active
Very Active
0.0175 x METs x Weight (kg) = kcal/min
kcal/min x time = energy expenditure - Answer-How do you predict energy
expenditure for various activities using METs?
Carbohydrates - Answer-What is the preferred fuel source for the majority of physical
activity?
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Vitamin K - Answer--Function: Blood clotting
-Risk of deficiency: anyone restricting dietary fat or fat malabsorption disorder
-Risk of toxicity: low risk
-Sources: Green leafy vegetables including collard and turnip greens, kale, spinach,
broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, lettuces. Soybean and canola oil
Water soluble B vitamins - Answer-involved in energy metabolism within the
metabolic pathways for protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism.
B1 (thiamine) - Answer-Which b vitamin is part of TPP (thiamine pyrophosphate) and
carbohydrate metabolism?
B2 (riboflavin) - Answer-Which b vitamin is part of FAD and FNM for fat and
carbohydrate metabolism?
B3 (niacin) - Answer-Which b vitamin is part of NAD & NADP for protein, fat and
carbohydrate metabolism?
B6 - Answer-Which b vitamin is part of PLP (pyridoxal phosphate) for protein
metabolism?
Folate - Answer-Which b vitamin is part of THF (tetrahydrofolate) for protein
metabolism?
Pantothenic Acid - Answer-Which b vitamin is part of CoA for fat metabolism?
Biotin - Answer-Which b vitamin is for fat metabolism?
B12 - Answer-Which b vitamin is for protein carb and fat metabolism?
Calcium - Answer--Function: Maintains bones and teeth (also involved in muscle
contraction)
-Risk of deficiency: Lactose intolerance; anyone avoiding dairy; deficiency increases
risk of osteoporosis
-Risk of toxicity: low risk
-Sources: dairy, cheese, yogurt, almonds, canned sardines, fortified OJ
Phosphorous - Answer--Function: Maintains bones and teeth (also component of
ATP, DNA and membranes)
-Risk of deficiency: low risk
-Risk of toxicity: low risk except in cases with kidney insufficiency
-Sources: dairy, red meat, poultry, seafood, legumes, and nuts
Vitamin D - Answer--Function: Regulation of calcium metabolism as well as many
other processes in the body
,-Risk of deficiency: low exposure to sunlight/northern latitudes, dark skin tone.;
Difficulty obtaining enough in diet; anyone restricting dietary fat or malabsorptive fat
disorder
-Risk of toxicity: low risk
-Sources: Salmon, Tuna fish, fortified Orange juice, fortified Dairy and plant milks
-Optimal 25OH D blood levels: 30-60ng/mL
1,500 mg/day Calcium
1,500-2,000 IU/day Vitamin D - Answer-What are the calcium and vitamin D values
needed to optimize bone health in athletes with low energy availability or menstrual
dysfunctions?
Vitamin C - Answer--Function: Role in collagen synthesis
-Risk of deficiency: low risk
-Risk of toxicity: low risk
-Sources: citrus, bell peppers, strawberries, tomatoes, white potatoes, cruciferous
veg
Vitamin K - Answer--Function: Bone metabolism
-Risk of deficiency: anyone restricting dietary fat or with fat malapsorptive disorder
-Risk of toxicity: low risk
-Sources: green leafy veg, nuts, seeds, beans
Magnesium - Answer--Function: Bone structure (also involved in over 300 enzymatic
reactions
-Risk of deficiency: low risk
-Risk of toxicity: low risk
-Sources: legumes, dark green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and
fortified cereals. It is also in fish, poultry, and beef.
kcal: 80
Carb: 15g
Pro: 3g
Fat: 0g - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving STARCH = ???
kcal: 60
Carb: 15g
Pro: 0g
Fat: 0g - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving FRUIT = ???
kcal: 25
Carb: 5
Pro: 2
Fat: 0 - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving VEG = ???
kcal: 150
Carb: 12
Pro: 8
Fat: 8 - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving WHOLE MILK = ???
,kcal: 120
Carb: 12
Pro: 8
Fat: 5 - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving 2% MILK = ???
kcal: 90
Carb: 12
Pro: 8
Fat: 0/3 - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving 1%/SKIM milk = ???
kcal: 100
Carb: 0
Pro: 7
Fat: 8 - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving HIGH FAT MEAT = ???
kcal: 75
Carb: 0
Pro: 7
Fat: 5 - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving MEDIUM FAT MEAT = ???
kcal: 55
Carb: 0
Pro: 7
Fat: 3 - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving LEAN MEAT = ???
kcal: 35
Carb: 0
Pro: 7
Fat: 0-1 - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving VERY LEAN MEAT = ???
kcal: 45
Carb: 0
Pro: 0
Fat: 5 - Answer-Exchange system 1 serving FAT = ???
Nutrition Assessment - Answer-Evaluation of:
-food and nutrition related history (FH)
-biochemical/medical/surgical tests (BD)
-Anthropometrics (AD)
-Nutrition focused physical findings (PD)
-Client history (CH)
-comparative standards (CS)
Nutrition Diagnosis - Answer-Categories:
-Intake (NI)
-Clinical (NC)
-Behavioral (NB)
PES statements (Problem is related to etiology as evidence by signs/symptoms)
, Nutrition Intervention - Answer--purposely planned actions designed with the intent
of changing a behavior, risk factor or condition, for an individual, group or community
-Food and nutrient delivery (ND)
-Nutrition Education (E)
-Nutrition Counseling (C)
-Coordination of Nutrition Care (RC)
Monitoring and Evaluation - Answer--The final step of the process in which the RDN
uses to determine if the patient/client has achieved, or is making progress toward,
the planned goals.
-Uses most of the same codes and standardized language as in the assessment
section
Cunningham Equation - Answer-RMR = 500 + 22(FFM)
FFM = fat-free mass in kg
for this equation, you need body composition.
Harris-Benedict Equation - Answer--Estimates resting energy needs
-Based on gender, height, weight, and age
-Requires an activity factor to determine TDEE
For women, it's: BMR = 655.1 + (9.563 × weight in kg) + (1.850 × height in cm) -
(4.676 × age) . For men, the formula is: BMR = 66.5 + (13.75 × weight in kg) +
(5.003 × height in cm) - (6.75 × age)
Mifflin-St. Jeor Equation - Answer-• Estimates Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)
• The most accurate for both normal weight and obese healthy individuals
• Weight in kg and Height in cm
Men: (10 × weight in kg) + (6.25 × height in cm) - (5 × age in years) + 5
Women: (10 × weight in kg) + (6.25 × height in cm) - (5 × age in years) - 161.
1.1-1.39
1.4-1.59
1.6-1.89
1.9-2.5 - Answer-What are the activity factors for:
Sedentary
Lightly active
Moderately active
Very Active
0.0175 x METs x Weight (kg) = kcal/min
kcal/min x time = energy expenditure - Answer-How do you predict energy
expenditure for various activities using METs?
Carbohydrates - Answer-What is the preferred fuel source for the majority of physical
activity?
