OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM
2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
Discuss the specialty of obstetrics and gynecology.
Obstetrics focuses on pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care, while
gynecology focuses on conditions affecting the female reproductive system outside
of pregnancy.
What role do OB/GYNs play in preventive care?
They provide contraception counseling, STI screenings, and menopause
management.
What are the primary internal organs of the female reproductive system?
Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina.
What are the external structures of the female reproductive system?
Vulva, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule, and perineum.
What are the four main phases of the menstrual cycle?
,Menstrual phase, follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase.
What hormone is responsible for ovulation?
Luteinizing hormone (LH).
How does the menstrual cycle prepare the female body for pregnancy?
By regulating ovulation, thickening the endometrium for implantation, and
maintaining hormone levels.
What is the purpose of the perineal muscles in the reproductive system?
They support pelvic organs and aid in sexual function and continence.
What is the primary function of the endometrium?
To provide a nourishing environment for a fertilized egg or to shed during
menstruation if pregnancy does not occur.
What is the function of the hypothalamus in female reproductive physiology?
It releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to stimulate the pituitary
gland.
,What are the major hormones involved in the female reproductive system?
Estrogen, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing
hormone (LH).
What are the four types of pelvic shapes?
Gynecoid
Android
Anthropoid
Platypelloid
Which pelvic shape is most favorable for childbirth?
Gynecoid
What is one of the most frequent underlying causes of pregnancy-related death in
the US?
Mental health conditions, accounting for 22.7% of deaths.
, Where do most pregnancy-related deaths occur in the US?
53% of deaths occur between 7 days to 1 year after pregnancy.
Why is it important to understand normal reproductive anatomy and physiology?
It helps recognize disease and abnormal conditions.
What hormones are involved in female puberty?
Estrogen drives thelarche, menarche, and linear growth. Androgens drive pubarche
and adrenarche.
How many sperm typically reach the egg during fertilization?
20 sperm typically reach the egg, and 1 fertilizes it.
What is the role of syncytiotrophoblasts during implantation?
Syncytiotrophoblasts make HCG, which preserves the corpus luteum and
maintains the endometrium.
2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
Discuss the specialty of obstetrics and gynecology.
Obstetrics focuses on pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care, while
gynecology focuses on conditions affecting the female reproductive system outside
of pregnancy.
What role do OB/GYNs play in preventive care?
They provide contraception counseling, STI screenings, and menopause
management.
What are the primary internal organs of the female reproductive system?
Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina.
What are the external structures of the female reproductive system?
Vulva, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule, and perineum.
What are the four main phases of the menstrual cycle?
,Menstrual phase, follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase.
What hormone is responsible for ovulation?
Luteinizing hormone (LH).
How does the menstrual cycle prepare the female body for pregnancy?
By regulating ovulation, thickening the endometrium for implantation, and
maintaining hormone levels.
What is the purpose of the perineal muscles in the reproductive system?
They support pelvic organs and aid in sexual function and continence.
What is the primary function of the endometrium?
To provide a nourishing environment for a fertilized egg or to shed during
menstruation if pregnancy does not occur.
What is the function of the hypothalamus in female reproductive physiology?
It releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to stimulate the pituitary
gland.
,What are the major hormones involved in the female reproductive system?
Estrogen, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing
hormone (LH).
What are the four types of pelvic shapes?
Gynecoid
Android
Anthropoid
Platypelloid
Which pelvic shape is most favorable for childbirth?
Gynecoid
What is one of the most frequent underlying causes of pregnancy-related death in
the US?
Mental health conditions, accounting for 22.7% of deaths.
, Where do most pregnancy-related deaths occur in the US?
53% of deaths occur between 7 days to 1 year after pregnancy.
Why is it important to understand normal reproductive anatomy and physiology?
It helps recognize disease and abnormal conditions.
What hormones are involved in female puberty?
Estrogen drives thelarche, menarche, and linear growth. Androgens drive pubarche
and adrenarche.
How many sperm typically reach the egg during fertilization?
20 sperm typically reach the egg, and 1 fertilizes it.
What is the role of syncytiotrophoblasts during implantation?
Syncytiotrophoblasts make HCG, which preserves the corpus luteum and
maintains the endometrium.
