AP Bio Unit 3 2025 Updated Version Complete Exam Questions with Correct Verified Solutions|| ALREADY GRADED!!!

AP Bio Unit 3 2025 Updated Version Complete Exam Questions with Correct Verified Solutions|| ALREADY GRADED!!! 1) Acetyl CoA - ANSWER The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme. 2) Oxaloacetate - ANSWER A four-carbon molecule that binds with the two-carbon acetyl unit of acetyl-CoA to form citric acid in the first step of the Krebs cycle. 3) Citric Acid - ANSWER 6 carbon; formed in Krebs Cycle; intermediate in the metabolism of carbohydrates 4) ATP Synthase - ANSWER large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP (+28 ATP/ cycle) 5) FADH2 - ANSWER electron carrier produced during the Krebs cycle 6) Lactic Acid Fermentation - ANSWER series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+, which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce 7) Alcohol Fermentation - ANSWER The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol. 8) Obligate Anaerobes - ANSWER Organisms that cannot live where molecular oxygen is present. 9) facultative Anaerobes - ANSWER can live with or without oxygen 10) Autotrophs - ANSWER organisms that make their own food 11) Photosynthesis - ANSWER process by which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars 12) Heterotrophs - ANSWER an organism that depends on complex organic substances for nutrition 13) Stomata - ANSWER the small openings on the undersides of most leaves through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move 14) Stroma - ANSWER thick fluid contained in the inner membrane of a chloroplast 15) Thylakoids - ANSWER A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy to chemical energy. 16) grana - ANSWER stacks of thylakoids 17) Light Reactions - ANSWER reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH 18) Calvin Cycle - ANSWER cycle in photosynthesis that reduces fixed carbon to carbohydrates through the addition of electrons ("dark cycle") 19) Carbon Fixation - ANSWER The incorporation of carbon from carbon dioxide into an organic compound by an autotrophic organism. 20) Electromagnetic Spectrum - ANSWER All of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation 21) Wavelength - ANSWER The distance between crests of waves, such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum. 22) Photon - ANSWER a quantum of electromagnetic radiation 23) Chlorophyll - ANSWER green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis 24) Photosystem II - ANSWER The first protein complex in the Light-dependent reactions. It is located in the thylakoid membrane of plants, algae and cyanobacteria. The enzyme uses photons of light to energize electrons . 25) Photosystem I - ANSWER The second photosystem in the photosynthetic light reactions of algae, plants, and some bacteria. It uses light to reduce molecules. 26) Photophosphorylation - ANSWER The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis. 27) Photorespiration - ANSWER A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen and ATP, releases carbon dioxide, and decreases photosynthetic output. Photorespiration generally occurs on hot, dry, bright days, when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of carbon dioxide. 28) C3 plants - ANSWER common plants- stoma close during dry weather- get CO2 directly from air- essentially stopping sugar production 29) C4 Plants - ANSWER A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds, the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle. 30) Cam Plants - ANSWER Store the organic acids made at night in vacuoles and use them for photosynthesis during the day when stomata are closed 31) Cellular Respiration - ANSWER the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic moelcules 32) Kilocalories - ANSWER the unit in which energy is measured 33) Redox Reaction - ANSWER A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction.